Dell PowerEdge C-Series IPMI Management Guide 2025: Enterprise Automation & Security
Dell PowerEdge C-Series IPMI Management Guide 2025: Enterprise Automation & Security
Managing thousands of Dell PowerEdge C-series servers requires sophisticated out-of-band management strategies that go far beyond basic IPMI commands. This comprehensive guide transforms simple IPMI operations into enterprise-scale automation frameworks with security hardening, compliance monitoring, and intelligent orchestration capabilities.
Table of Contents
- IPMI Architecture and Security Overview
- Enterprise IPMI User Management
- Advanced Power Management Automation
- Comprehensive Monitoring Framework
- Mass Deployment and Configuration
- Security Hardening and Compliance
- Automated Health Monitoring
- Intelligent Alert Management
- Firmware Management at Scale
- Advanced Troubleshooting Toolkit
- Integration with Enterprise Systems
- Best Practices and Guidelines
IPMI Architecture and Security Overview
Understanding PowerEdge C-Series IPMI Implementation
Dell PowerEdge C-series servers implement IPMI 2.0 with specific enhancements:
#!/usr/bin/env python3
"""
IPMI Architecture Discovery and Documentation
Maps IPMI capabilities and security features
"""
import subprocess
import json
import ipaddress
from typing import Dict, List, Optional
import concurrent.futures
import logging
class IPMIArchitectureMapper:
"""Map and document IPMI architecture for C-series servers"""
def __init__(self, subnet: str):
self.subnet = ipaddress.ip_network(subnet)
self.discovered_bmcs = []
self.logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
def discover_ipmi_devices(self) -> List[Dict]:
"""Discover all IPMI devices in subnet"""
discovered = []
with concurrent.futures.ThreadPoolExecutor(max_workers=50) as executor:
futures = []
for ip in self.subnet:
future = executor.submit(self._probe_ipmi, str(ip))
futures.append((str(ip), future))
for ip, future in futures:
try:
result = future.result(timeout=2)
if result:
discovered.append(result)
except Exception as e:
self.logger.debug(f"Failed to probe {ip}: {e}")
return discovered
def _probe_ipmi(self, ip: str) -> Optional[Dict]:
"""Probe single IP for IPMI"""
try:
# Quick IPMI ping
cmd = ['ipmitool', '-I', 'lanplus', '-H', ip,
'-U', 'ADMIN', '-P', 'ADMIN', 'mc', 'info']
result = subprocess.run(cmd, capture_output=True,
text=True, timeout=1)
if result.returncode == 0:
# Parse BMC info
info = self._parse_mc_info(result.stdout)
info['ip'] = ip
info['model'] = self._identify_model(info)
return info
except subprocess.TimeoutExpired:
pass
except Exception as e:
self.logger.debug(f"Error probing {ip}: {e}")
return None
def _parse_mc_info(self, output: str) -> Dict:
"""Parse MC info output"""
info = {}
for line in output.splitlines():
if ':' in line:
key, value = line.split(':', 1)
key = key.strip().lower().replace(' ', '_')
info[key] = value.strip()
return info
def _identify_model(self, info: Dict) -> str:
"""Identify C-series model from BMC info"""
product_id = info.get('product_id', '')
# C-series model mapping
models = {
'256': 'C6220',
'257': 'C6220 II',
'512': 'C6320',
'513': 'C6320p',
'768': 'C6420',
'769': 'C6425'
}
return models.get(product_id, 'Unknown C-series')
def generate_architecture_report(self, devices: List[Dict]) -> Dict:
"""Generate comprehensive architecture report"""
report = {
'summary': {
'total_devices': len(devices),
'models': {},
'firmware_versions': {},
'security_status': {
'default_creds': 0,
'old_firmware': 0,
'cipher_suite_0': 0
}
},
'devices': devices,
'recommendations': []
}
# Analyze devices
for device in devices:
# Count models
model = device.get('model', 'Unknown')
report['summary']['models'][model] = \
report['summary']['models'].get(model, 0) + 1
# Count firmware versions
fw_version = device.get('firmware_revision', 'Unknown')
report['summary']['firmware_versions'][fw_version] = \
report['summary']['firmware_versions'].get(fw_version, 0) + 1
# Generate recommendations
if report['summary']['security_status']['default_creds'] > 0:
report['recommendations'].append({
'severity': 'CRITICAL',
'issue': 'Default credentials detected',
'action': 'Change all default IPMI passwords immediately'
})
return report
# Security configuration templates
SECURITY_TEMPLATES = {
'high_security': {
'cipher_suites': [3, 17], # AES-128 only
'auth_types': ['MD5', 'PASSWORD'],
'priv_levels': ['ADMINISTRATOR', 'OPERATOR'],
'sol_encryption': True,
'sol_authentication': True,
'channel_access': {
'lan': 'always_available',
'serial': 'disabled'
}
},
'standard_security': {
'cipher_suites': [3, 8, 12, 17],
'auth_types': ['MD5', 'MD2', 'PASSWORD'],
'priv_levels': ['ADMINISTRATOR', 'OPERATOR', 'USER'],
'sol_encryption': True,
'sol_authentication': True,
'channel_access': {
'lan': 'always_available',
'serial': 'shared'
}
}
}
IPMI Security Assessment Tool
Comprehensive security assessment for C-series IPMI:
#!/usr/bin/env python3
"""
IPMI Security Assessment Tool
Identifies vulnerabilities and compliance issues
"""
import asyncio
import aiohttp
from typing import Dict, List
import hashlib
import json
from datetime import datetime
class IPMISecurityAssessor:
"""Assess IPMI security posture"""
def __init__(self):
self.vulnerabilities = []
self.compliance_issues = []
self.security_score = 100
async def assess_server(self, server: Dict) -> Dict:
"""Perform comprehensive security assessment"""
assessment = {
'server': server['ip'],
'timestamp': datetime.utcnow().isoformat(),
'vulnerabilities': [],
'compliance': {
'pci_dss': True,
'nist_800_53': True,
'cis_benchmark': True
},
'score': 100
}
# Check authentication
auth_issues = await self._check_authentication(server)
assessment['vulnerabilities'].extend(auth_issues)
# Check cipher suites
cipher_issues = await self._check_cipher_suites(server)
assessment['vulnerabilities'].extend(cipher_issues)
# Check firmware version
fw_issues = await self._check_firmware(server)
assessment['vulnerabilities'].extend(fw_issues)
# Check network security
network_issues = await self._check_network_security(server)
assessment['vulnerabilities'].extend(network_issues)
# Calculate security score
assessment['score'] = self._calculate_score(assessment['vulnerabilities'])
# Check compliance
assessment['compliance'] = self._check_compliance(assessment)
return assessment
async def _check_authentication(self, server: Dict) -> List[Dict]:
"""Check authentication security"""
issues = []
# Test default credentials
default_creds = [
('ADMIN', 'ADMIN'),
('root', 'calvin'),
('root', 'root'),
('admin', 'admin')
]
for username, password in default_creds:
if await self._test_credentials(server['ip'], username, password):
issues.append({
'severity': 'CRITICAL',
'type': 'default_credentials',
'details': f'Default credentials active: {username}/{password}',
'cve': 'CWE-798',
'remediation': 'Change default credentials immediately'
})
# Check password complexity requirements
if not await self._check_password_policy(server['ip']):
issues.append({
'severity': 'HIGH',
'type': 'weak_password_policy',
'details': 'No password complexity requirements enforced',
'remediation': 'Enable password complexity requirements'
})
return issues
async def _check_cipher_suites(self, server: Dict) -> List[Dict]:
"""Check IPMI cipher suite configuration"""
issues = []
# Get enabled cipher suites
enabled_ciphers = await self._get_cipher_suites(server['ip'])
# Check for weak ciphers
weak_ciphers = [0, 1, 2, 6, 7, 11] # No encryption or weak encryption
for cipher in enabled_ciphers:
if cipher in weak_ciphers:
issues.append({
'severity': 'HIGH',
'type': 'weak_cipher',
'details': f'Weak cipher suite enabled: {cipher}',
'cve': 'CWE-327',
'remediation': 'Disable cipher suites 0,1,2,6,7,11'
})
# Check if strong ciphers are available
strong_ciphers = [3, 17] # AES-128
if not any(c in enabled_ciphers for c in strong_ciphers):
issues.append({
'severity': 'MEDIUM',
'type': 'no_strong_ciphers',
'details': 'No strong cipher suites enabled',
'remediation': 'Enable cipher suites 3 or 17 (AES-128)'
})
return issues
async def _check_firmware(self, server: Dict) -> List[Dict]:
"""Check firmware version and known vulnerabilities"""
issues = []
fw_version = server.get('firmware_revision', '')
# Known vulnerable versions (example)
vulnerable_versions = {
'1.00': ['CVE-2019-6260', 'CVE-2019-16954'],
'1.10': ['CVE-2019-16954'],
'1.20': ['CVE-2020-10269']
}
if fw_version in vulnerable_versions:
for cve in vulnerable_versions[fw_version]:
issues.append({
'severity': 'CRITICAL',
'type': 'known_vulnerability',
'details': f'Firmware {fw_version} has known vulnerability',
'cve': cve,
'remediation': 'Update firmware to latest version'
})
# Check firmware age
fw_date = self._parse_firmware_date(fw_version)
if fw_date and (datetime.now() - fw_date).days > 365:
issues.append({
'severity': 'MEDIUM',
'type': 'outdated_firmware',
'details': 'Firmware is more than 1 year old',
'remediation': 'Consider firmware update'
})
return issues
class IPMIComplianceChecker:
"""Check IPMI configuration against compliance standards"""
def __init__(self):
self.standards = self._load_compliance_standards()
def _load_compliance_standards(self) -> Dict:
"""Load compliance requirements"""
return {
'pci_dss': {
'requirements': [
{
'id': '2.3',
'description': 'Encrypt non-console administrative access',
'checks': ['strong_cipher_only', 'no_telnet']
},
{
'id': '8.2.3',
'description': 'Strong password requirements',
'checks': ['password_complexity', 'password_length_min_8']
}
]
},
'nist_800_53': {
'requirements': [
{
'id': 'AC-2',
'description': 'Account Management',
'checks': ['no_default_accounts', 'account_auditing']
},
{
'id': 'SC-8',
'description': 'Transmission Confidentiality',
'checks': ['encryption_required', 'strong_cipher_only']
}
]
}
}
Enterprise IPMI User Management
Centralized User Management System
Implement enterprise-wide IPMI user management:
#!/usr/bin/env python3
"""
Enterprise IPMI User Management System
Centralized user provisioning and access control
"""
import ldap3
import asyncio
import asyncssh
from typing import Dict, List, Optional
import secrets
import string
from datetime import datetime, timedelta
import yaml
import json
class IPMIUserManager:
"""Manage IPMI users across enterprise"""
def __init__(self, config_file: str):
with open(config_file, 'r') as f:
self.config = yaml.safe_load(f)
self.ldap_conn = self._init_ldap()
self.user_db = {}
self.setup_logging()
def _init_ldap(self):
"""Initialize LDAP connection"""
server = ldap3.Server(
self.config['ldap']['server'],
use_ssl=True,
get_info=ldap3.ALL
)
conn = ldap3.Connection(
server,
user=self.config['ldap']['bind_dn'],
password=self.config['ldap']['bind_password'],
auto_bind=True
)
return conn
async def sync_users_from_ad(self):
"""Sync IPMI users from Active Directory"""
# Search for users in IPMI admin group
self.ldap_conn.search(
search_base=self.config['ldap']['search_base'],
search_filter='(&(objectClass=user)(memberOf=CN=IPMI-Admins,OU=Groups,DC=company,DC=com))',
attributes=['sAMAccountName', 'mail', 'memberOf']
)
ad_users = []
for entry in self.ldap_conn.entries:
user = {
'username': str(entry.sAMAccountName),
'email': str(entry.mail),
'groups': self._parse_ad_groups(entry.memberOf),
'ipmi_role': self._determine_ipmi_role(entry.memberOf)
}
ad_users.append(user)
# Sync to all IPMI devices
await self._sync_to_ipmi_devices(ad_users)
def _determine_ipmi_role(self, ad_groups: List[str]) -> str:
"""Determine IPMI role based on AD groups"""
if any('IPMI-Admins' in g for g in ad_groups):
return 'ADMINISTRATOR'
elif any('IPMI-Operators' in g for g in ad_groups):
return 'OPERATOR'
else:
return 'USER'
async def _sync_to_ipmi_devices(self, users: List[Dict]):
"""Sync users to all IPMI devices"""
devices = await self._get_all_ipmi_devices()
tasks = []
for device in devices:
task = self._sync_device_users(device, users)
tasks.append(task)
results = await asyncio.gather(*tasks, return_exceptions=True)
# Generate report
self._generate_sync_report(devices, results)
async def _sync_device_users(self, device: Dict, users: List[Dict]):
"""Sync users to single IPMI device"""
try:
# Connect to device
ipmi = IPMIConnection(device['ip'], device['admin_user'], device['admin_pass'])
# Get current users
current_users = await ipmi.get_user_list()
# Determine changes needed
to_add = []
to_remove = []
to_update = []
# Users to add
for user in users:
if not any(u['name'] == user['username'] for u in current_users):
to_add.append(user)
# Users to remove (not in AD)
for current in current_users:
if current['name'] not in ['root', 'ADMIN']: # Keep system users
if not any(u['username'] == current['name'] for u in users):
to_remove.append(current)
# Apply changes
for user in to_add:
password = self._generate_secure_password()
await ipmi.add_user(
user['username'],
password,
user['ipmi_role']
)
# Store password securely
await self._store_password(device['ip'], user['username'], password)
for user in to_remove:
await ipmi.remove_user(user['name'])
return {'device': device['ip'], 'added': len(to_add), 'removed': len(to_remove)}
except Exception as e:
self.logger.error(f"Failed to sync users to {device['ip']}: {e}")
return {'device': device['ip'], 'error': str(e)}
def _generate_secure_password(self) -> str:
"""Generate cryptographically secure password"""
# Meet complexity requirements
alphabet = string.ascii_letters + string.digits + string.punctuation
# Ensure password has all character types
password = [
secrets.choice(string.ascii_uppercase),
secrets.choice(string.ascii_lowercase),
secrets.choice(string.digits),
secrets.choice(string.punctuation)
]
# Fill rest with random characters
for _ in range(12):
password.append(secrets.choice(alphabet))
# Shuffle and return
secrets.SystemRandom().shuffle(password)
return ''.join(password)
class IPMIAccessControl:
"""Role-based access control for IPMI"""
def __init__(self):
self.roles = self._define_roles()
self.policies = self._define_policies()
def _define_roles(self) -> Dict:
"""Define IPMI access roles"""
return {
'security_admin': {
'description': 'Security team administrator',
'ipmi_priv': 'ADMINISTRATOR',
'allowed_commands': ['all'],
'allowed_hours': 'any',
'require_mfa': True
},
'datacenter_operator': {
'description': 'Data center operations',
'ipmi_priv': 'OPERATOR',
'allowed_commands': [
'power', 'sol', 'sensor', 'sel', 'chassis'
],
'allowed_hours': 'any',
'require_mfa': False
},
'monitoring_service': {
'description': 'Automated monitoring',
'ipmi_priv': 'USER',
'allowed_commands': [
'sensor', 'sel list', 'sdr list'
],
'allowed_hours': 'any',
'require_mfa': False,
'source_ip_whitelist': ['10.0.1.0/24']
},
'emergency_access': {
'description': 'Break-glass emergency access',
'ipmi_priv': 'ADMINISTRATOR',
'allowed_commands': ['all'],
'allowed_hours': 'any',
'require_mfa': True,
'require_approval': True,
'max_duration': 4 # hours
}
}
def _define_policies(self) -> Dict:
"""Define access policies"""
return {
'session_timeout': 900, # 15 minutes
'max_failed_attempts': 3,
'lockout_duration': 3600, # 1 hour
'password_expiry': 90, # days
'password_history': 12,
'require_source_ip_whitelist': True,
'audit_all_commands': True
}
class IPMIPasswordVault:
"""Secure password storage for IPMI credentials"""
def __init__(self, vault_config: Dict):
self.vault = self._init_vault(vault_config)
self.encryption_key = self._load_encryption_key()
def _init_vault(self, config: Dict):
"""Initialize HashiCorp Vault connection"""
import hvac
client = hvac.Client(
url=config['url'],
token=config['token']
)
return client
async def store_credential(self, device_ip: str, username: str,
password: str, metadata: Dict = None):
"""Store IPMI credential securely"""
path = f"ipmi/{device_ip}/{username}"
data = {
'password': password,
'created_at': datetime.utcnow().isoformat(),
'rotation_due': (datetime.utcnow() + timedelta(days=90)).isoformat()
}
if metadata:
data['metadata'] = metadata
self.vault.secrets.kv.v2.create_or_update_secret(
path=path,
secret=data
)
async def retrieve_credential(self, device_ip: str, username: str) -> Optional[str]:
"""Retrieve IPMI credential"""
path = f"ipmi/{device_ip}/{username}"
try:
response = self.vault.secrets.kv.v2.read_secret_version(path=path)
return response['data']['data']['password']
except Exception:
return None
async def rotate_password(self, device_ip: str, username: str) -> str:
"""Rotate IPMI password"""
# Generate new password
new_password = self._generate_secure_password()
# Update on device
ipmi = IPMIConnection(device_ip, 'admin', await self.get_admin_password(device_ip))
await ipmi.change_user_password(username, new_password)
# Store new password
await self.store_credential(device_ip, username, new_password)
# Audit log
self._log_rotation(device_ip, username)
return new_password
Automated User Lifecycle Management
Implement complete user lifecycle automation:
#!/bin/bash
# IPMI User Lifecycle Management Script
# Configuration
IPMI_SERVERS_FILE="/etc/ipmi/servers.list"
AD_SERVER="ldap://ad.company.com"
VAULT_ADDR="https://vault.company.com:8200"
LOG_FILE="/var/log/ipmi_user_mgmt.log"
# Function to log messages
log_message() {
echo "[$(date '+%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S')] $1" | tee -a "$LOG_FILE"
}
# Function to create IPMI user
create_ipmi_user() {
local server=$1
local username=$2
local password=$3
local privilege=$4
local userid=$5
log_message "Creating user $username on $server"
# Create user
ipmitool -I lanplus -H "$server" -U ADMIN -P "$ADMIN_PASS" \
user set name "$userid" "$username"
# Set password
ipmitool -I lanplus -H "$server" -U ADMIN -P "$ADMIN_PASS" \
user set password "$userid" "$password"
# Enable user
ipmitool -I lanplus -H "$server" -U ADMIN -P "$ADMIN_PASS" \
user enable "$userid"
# Set privilege level
ipmitool -I lanplus -H "$server" -U ADMIN -P "$ADMIN_PASS" \
channel setaccess 1 "$userid" callin=on ipmi=on link=on privilege="$privilege"
# Enable SOL access if operator or admin
if [[ "$privilege" == "4" ]] || [[ "$privilege" == "3" ]]; then
ipmitool -I lanplus -H "$server" -U ADMIN -P "$ADMIN_PASS" \
sol payload enable 1 "$userid"
fi
}
# Function to remove IPMI user
remove_ipmi_user() {
local server=$1
local username=$2
log_message "Removing user $username from $server"
# Find user ID
userid=$(ipmitool -I lanplus -H "$server" -U ADMIN -P "$ADMIN_PASS" \
user list | grep "$username" | awk '{print $1}')
if [[ -n "$userid" ]]; then
# Disable user
ipmitool -I lanplus -H "$server" -U ADMIN -P "$ADMIN_PASS" \
user disable "$userid"
# Clear username
ipmitool -I lanplus -H "$server" -U ADMIN -P "$ADMIN_PASS" \
user set name "$userid" ""
fi
}
# Function to audit IPMI users
audit_ipmi_users() {
local server=$1
local output_file="/tmp/ipmi_audit_${server}.txt"
echo "=== IPMI User Audit for $server ===" > "$output_file"
echo "Date: $(date)" >> "$output_file"
echo "" >> "$output_file"
# Get user list
echo "Current Users:" >> "$output_file"
ipmitool -I lanplus -H "$server" -U ADMIN -P "$ADMIN_PASS" \
user list >> "$output_file"
# Check for default passwords
echo -e "\nDefault Password Check:" >> "$output_file"
for user in "ADMIN" "root" "admin"; do
for pass in "ADMIN" "calvin" "root" "admin" "password"; do
if ipmitool -I lanplus -H "$server" -U "$user" -P "$pass" \
mc info &>/dev/null; then
echo "WARNING: Default credentials work: $user/$pass" >> "$output_file"
fi
done
done
# Check privilege levels
echo -e "\nPrivilege Levels:" >> "$output_file"
for i in {1..16}; do
priv=$(ipmitool -I lanplus -H "$server" -U ADMIN -P "$ADMIN_PASS" \
channel getaccess 1 "$i" 2>/dev/null | grep "Privilege Level")
if [[ -n "$priv" ]]; then
echo "User $i: $priv" >> "$output_file"
fi
done
return 0
}
# Main user sync function
sync_ad_users() {
log_message "Starting AD user sync"
# Get AD users in IPMI groups
ad_users=$(ldapsearch -H "$AD_SERVER" -x -b "DC=company,DC=com" \
"(&(objectClass=user)(|(memberOf=CN=IPMI-Admins,*)(memberOf=CN=IPMI-Operators,*)))" \
sAMAccountName memberOf -LLL | \
awk '/^sAMAccountName:/ {user=$2} /^memberOf:.*IPMI-Admins/ {print user":admin"} /^memberOf:.*IPMI-Operators/ {print user":operator"}')
# Process each server
while IFS= read -r server; do
[[ -z "$server" ]] && continue
log_message "Processing server: $server"
# Get current IPMI users
current_users=$(ipmitool -I lanplus -H "$server" -U ADMIN -P "$ADMIN_PASS" \
user list | awk 'NR>1 && $2!="" {print $2}')
# Add missing AD users
while IFS=: read -r username role; do
if ! echo "$current_users" | grep -q "^$username$"; then
# Find available user slot
for i in {3..16}; do
existing=$(ipmitool -I lanplus -H "$server" -U ADMIN -P "$ADMIN_PASS" \
user list | grep "^$i" | awk '{print $2}')
if [[ -z "$existing" ]] || [[ "$existing" == "(Empty User)" ]]; then
# Generate password
password=$(openssl rand -base64 16)
# Determine privilege level
if [[ "$role" == "admin" ]]; then
privilege=4 # Administrator
else
privilege=3 # Operator
fi
# Create user
create_ipmi_user "$server" "$username" "$password" "$privilege" "$i"
# Store password in vault
vault kv put "secret/ipmi/$server/$username" password="$password"
break
fi
done
fi
done <<< "$ad_users"
# Remove users not in AD
while IFS= read -r username; do
if [[ "$username" != "ADMIN" ]] && [[ "$username" != "root" ]] && \
[[ "$username" != "(Empty User)" ]]; then
if ! echo "$ad_users" | grep -q "^$username:"; then
remove_ipmi_user "$server" "$username"
fi
fi
done <<< "$current_users"
done < "$IPMI_SERVERS_FILE"
log_message "AD user sync completed"
}
# Password rotation function
rotate_passwords() {
log_message "Starting password rotation"
while IFS= read -r server; do
[[ -z "$server" ]] && continue
# Get non-system users
users=$(ipmitool -I lanplus -H "$server" -U ADMIN -P "$ADMIN_PASS" \
user list | awk 'NR>1 && $2!="" && $2!="ADMIN" && $2!="root" && $2!="(Empty User)" {print $1":"$2}')
while IFS=: read -r userid username; do
# Check password age in vault
password_data=$(vault kv get -format=json "secret/ipmi/$server/$username" 2>/dev/null)
if [[ -n "$password_data" ]]; then
created_date=$(echo "$password_data" | jq -r '.data.metadata.created_time')
age_days=$(( ($(date +%s) - $(date -d "$created_date" +%s)) / 86400 ))
if [[ $age_days -gt 90 ]]; then
log_message "Rotating password for $username on $server (age: $age_days days)"
# Generate new password
new_password=$(openssl rand -base64 16)
# Set new password
ipmitool -I lanplus -H "$server" -U ADMIN -P "$ADMIN_PASS" \
user set password "$userid" "$new_password"
# Update vault
vault kv put "secret/ipmi/$server/$username" \
password="$new_password" \
rotated_date="$(date -u +%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%SZ)"
fi
fi
done <<< "$users"
done < "$IPMI_SERVERS_FILE"
log_message "Password rotation completed"
}
# Main execution
case "$1" in
sync)
sync_ad_users
;;
rotate)
rotate_passwords
;;
audit)
while IFS= read -r server; do
audit_ipmi_users "$server"
done < "$IPMI_SERVERS_FILE"
;;
*)
echo "Usage: $0 {sync|rotate|audit}"
exit 1
;;
esac
Advanced Power Management Automation
Intelligent Power Orchestration
Implement sophisticated power management for C-series:
#!/usr/bin/env python3
"""
Advanced Power Management for PowerEdge C-series
Intelligent orchestration and optimization
"""
import asyncio
import aioipmi
from typing import Dict, List, Optional, Tuple
import pandas as pd
import numpy as np
from datetime import datetime, timedelta
import json
import yaml
class CSeriesPowerManager:
"""Advanced power management for C-series servers"""
def __init__(self, config_file: str):
with open(config_file, 'r') as f:
self.config = yaml.safe_load(f)
self.power_policies = self._load_power_policies()
self.initialize_monitoring()
def _load_power_policies(self) -> Dict:
"""Load power management policies"""
return {
'business_hours': {
'start_hour': 7,
'end_hour': 19,
'power_mode': 'performance',
'cap_policy': 'disabled'
},
'off_hours': {
'power_mode': 'efficient',
'cap_policy': 'aggressive',
'shutdown_idle': True,
'idle_threshold_minutes': 30
},
'emergency': {
'trigger': 'temperature > 35 or power_failure',
'power_mode': 'minimal',
'cap_policy': 'critical',
'shutdown_non_critical': True
}
}
async def manage_power_states(self):
"""Main power management loop"""
while True:
try:
# Determine current policy
current_policy = self._determine_active_policy()
# Get all servers
servers = await self._discover_servers()
# Apply policy to each server
tasks = []
for server in servers:
task = self._apply_power_policy(server, current_policy)
tasks.append(task)
results = await asyncio.gather(*tasks, return_exceptions=True)
# Log results
self._log_power_actions(servers, results)
# Wait before next iteration
await asyncio.sleep(60)
except Exception as e:
self.logger.error(f"Power management error: {e}")
await asyncio.sleep(60)
def _determine_active_policy(self) -> str:
"""Determine which power policy to apply"""
current_hour = datetime.now().hour
# Check for emergency conditions
if self._check_emergency_conditions():
return 'emergency'
# Check time-based policies
business_hours = self.power_policies['business_hours']
if business_hours['start_hour'] <= current_hour < business_hours['end_hour']:
return 'business_hours'
else:
return 'off_hours'
async def _apply_power_policy(self, server: Dict, policy_name: str):
"""Apply power policy to server"""
policy = self.power_policies[policy_name]
try:
# Connect to IPMI
ipmi = await aioipmi.connect(
server['ip'],
username=server['username'],
password=server['password']
)
# Get current power state
power_state = await ipmi.get_power_state()
# Apply policy based on state and requirements
if policy_name == 'emergency':
await self._handle_emergency_power(ipmi, server, policy)
elif policy_name == 'off_hours':
await self._handle_off_hours_power(ipmi, server, policy)
else:
await self._handle_business_hours_power(ipmi, server, policy)
return {'server': server['ip'], 'status': 'success', 'policy': policy_name}
except Exception as e:
return {'server': server['ip'], 'status': 'error', 'error': str(e)}
async def _handle_emergency_power(self, ipmi, server: Dict, policy: Dict):
"""Handle emergency power conditions"""
# Check if server is critical
if server.get('criticality') == 'critical':
# Keep critical servers running but reduce power
await ipmi.set_power_limit(300) # Minimum power
else:
# Shutdown non-critical servers
self.logger.warning(f"Emergency shutdown of {server['ip']}")
await ipmi.power_off()
async def _handle_off_hours_power(self, ipmi, server: Dict, policy: Dict):
"""Handle off-hours power optimization"""
# Check if server is idle
if await self._is_server_idle(server):
idle_duration = await self._get_idle_duration(server)
if idle_duration > policy['idle_threshold_minutes']:
self.logger.info(f"Shutting down idle server {server['ip']}")
await ipmi.power_soft_off()
else:
# Apply efficient power mode
await self._set_efficient_mode(ipmi)
async def _is_server_idle(self, server: Dict) -> bool:
"""Check if server is idle"""
# Get CPU usage from monitoring
cpu_usage = await self._get_cpu_usage(server)
# Get network activity
network_activity = await self._get_network_activity(server)
# Server is idle if CPU < 5% and network < 1MB/s
return cpu_usage < 5 and network_activity < 1024
class PowerScheduler:
"""Schedule power actions for C-series servers"""
def __init__(self):
self.schedules = self._load_schedules()
self.scheduler = AsyncIOScheduler()
def _load_schedules(self) -> Dict:
"""Load power schedules"""
return {
'daily_maintenance': {
'time': '02:00',
'days': ['tuesday', 'thursday'],
'action': 'rolling_restart',
'groups': ['development', 'test']
},
'weekend_shutdown': {
'time': '19:00',
'days': ['friday'],
'action': 'shutdown',
'groups': ['development']
},
'weekend_startup': {
'time': '06:00',
'days': ['monday'],
'action': 'startup',
'groups': ['development']
}
}
async def execute_scheduled_action(self, schedule_name: str):
"""Execute a scheduled power action"""
schedule = self.schedules[schedule_name]
# Get affected servers
servers = await self._get_servers_by_groups(schedule['groups'])
if schedule['action'] == 'rolling_restart':
await self._rolling_restart(servers)
elif schedule['action'] == 'shutdown':
await self._batch_shutdown(servers)
elif schedule['action'] == 'startup':
await self._batch_startup(servers)
async def _rolling_restart(self, servers: List[Dict]):
"""Perform rolling restart of servers"""
batch_size = 5 # Restart 5 at a time
for i in range(0, len(servers), batch_size):
batch = servers[i:i + batch_size]
# Restart batch
tasks = []
for server in batch:
task = self._restart_server(server)
tasks.append(task)
await asyncio.gather(*tasks)
# Wait for servers to come back online
await self._wait_for_servers_online(batch)
# Wait before next batch
await asyncio.sleep(300) # 5 minutes
class ChassissPowerOptimizer:
"""Optimize power for C-series chassis"""
def __init__(self):
self.chassis_config = self._load_chassis_config()
def _load_chassis_config(self) -> Dict:
"""Load chassis configuration"""
return {
'c6220': {
'nodes_per_chassis': 4,
'shared_infrastructure': True,
'power_supplies': 2,
'max_power': 1400 # Watts
},
'c6320': {
'nodes_per_chassis': 4,
'shared_infrastructure': True,
'power_supplies': 2,
'max_power': 1600 # Watts
},
'c6420': {
'nodes_per_chassis': 4,
'shared_infrastructure': True,
'power_supplies': 2,
'max_power': 2000 # Watts
}
}
async def optimize_chassis_power(self, chassis_id: str):
"""Optimize power distribution within chassis"""
# Get all nodes in chassis
nodes = await self._get_chassis_nodes(chassis_id)
# Get current power usage per node
power_usage = {}
for node in nodes:
usage = await self._get_node_power(node)
power_usage[node['id']] = usage
# Calculate optimal distribution
total_usage = sum(power_usage.values())
chassis_type = self._identify_chassis_type(chassis_id)
max_power = self.chassis_config[chassis_type]['max_power']
if total_usage > max_power * 0.9:
# Need to reduce power
await self._balance_chassis_power(nodes, power_usage, max_power)
Automated Power Recovery
Implement automated power failure recovery:
#!/bin/bash
# Automated Power Recovery System for C-series
SERVERS_FILE="/etc/ipmi/c-series-servers.list"
STATE_FILE="/var/lib/ipmi/power_state.json"
LOG_FILE="/var/log/ipmi_power_recovery.log"
# Function to save power state
save_power_state() {
local timestamp=$(date -u +%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%SZ)
echo "{\"timestamp\": \"$timestamp\", \"servers\": {" > "$STATE_FILE.tmp"
first=true
while IFS='|' read -r ip username password; do
[[ -z "$ip" ]] && continue
# Get power state
state=$(ipmitool -I lanplus -H "$ip" -U "$username" -P "$password" \
power status 2>/dev/null | awk '{print $NF}')
if [[ -n "$state" ]]; then
[[ "$first" == "false" ]] && echo "," >> "$STATE_FILE.tmp"
echo -n " \"$ip\": \"$state\"" >> "$STATE_FILE.tmp"
first=false
fi
done < "$SERVERS_FILE"
echo -e "\n}}" >> "$STATE_FILE.tmp"
mv "$STATE_FILE.tmp" "$STATE_FILE"
}
# Function to restore power state
restore_power_state() {
if [[ ! -f "$STATE_FILE" ]]; then
log_message "ERROR: No saved power state found"
return 1
fi
log_message "Restoring power state from $(jq -r .timestamp "$STATE_FILE")"
# Parse saved state
while IFS='|' read -r ip username password; do
[[ -z "$ip" ]] && continue
# Get saved state
saved_state=$(jq -r ".servers.\"$ip\"" "$STATE_FILE" 2>/dev/null)
if [[ "$saved_state" == "on" ]]; then
# Get current state
current_state=$(ipmitool -I lanplus -H "$ip" -U "$username" -P "$password" \
power status 2>/dev/null | awk '{print $NF}')
if [[ "$current_state" != "on" ]]; then
log_message "Powering on $ip (was $saved_state, now $current_state)"
# Power on the server
ipmitool -I lanplus -H "$ip" -U "$username" -P "$password" \
power on
# Add delay to prevent overwhelming power infrastructure
sleep 5
fi
fi
done < "$SERVERS_FILE"
}
# Function to handle power emergency
handle_power_emergency() {
log_message "EMERGENCY: Initiating emergency power reduction"
# Create priority list
declare -A server_priority
# Load server priorities
while IFS='|' read -r ip priority; do
server_priority["$ip"]=$priority
done < /etc/ipmi/server_priorities.conf
# Shutdown servers by priority (lowest first)
for priority in 1 2 3; do
while IFS='|' read -r ip username password; do
[[ -z "$ip" ]] && continue
if [[ "${server_priority[$ip]}" == "$priority" ]]; then
log_message "Emergency shutdown of $ip (priority $priority)"
ipmitool -I lanplus -H "$ip" -U "$username" -P "$password" \
power soft
sleep 2
fi
done < "$SERVERS_FILE"
done
}
# Function to monitor power redundancy
monitor_power_redundancy() {
local issues=0
while IFS='|' read -r ip username password; do
[[ -z "$ip" ]] && continue
# Check power supply status
psu_status=$(ipmitool -I lanplus -H "$ip" -U "$username" -P "$password" \
sdr type "Power Supply" 2>/dev/null)
# Count active PSUs
active_psus=$(echo "$psu_status" | grep -c "ok")
failed_psus=$(echo "$psu_status" | grep -c "fail\|critical")
if [[ $active_psus -lt 2 ]]; then
log_message "WARNING: $ip has only $active_psus active PSUs"
((issues++))
fi
if [[ $failed_psus -gt 0 ]]; then
log_message "CRITICAL: $ip has $failed_psus failed PSUs"
((issues++))
# Send alert
send_alert "PSU Failure on $ip" "Server $ip has $failed_psus failed power supplies"
fi
done < "$SERVERS_FILE"
return $issues
}
# Main monitoring loop
main_loop() {
while true; do
# Save current state
save_power_state
# Monitor redundancy
monitor_power_redundancy
# Check for power emergencies
total_power=$(get_total_power_usage)
if [[ $total_power -gt $POWER_THRESHOLD ]]; then
handle_power_emergency
fi
sleep 60
done
}
# Handle different modes
case "$1" in
monitor)
main_loop
;;
save-state)
save_power_state
;;
restore-state)
restore_power_state
;;
emergency)
handle_power_emergency
;;
*)
echo "Usage: $0 {monitor|save-state|restore-state|emergency}"
exit 1
;;
esac
Comprehensive Monitoring Framework
Enterprise Monitoring System
Build comprehensive monitoring for C-series infrastructure:
#!/usr/bin/env python3
"""
Comprehensive Monitoring System for PowerEdge C-series
Real-time monitoring with predictive analytics
"""
import asyncio
import aioipmi
from prometheus_client import Counter, Gauge, Histogram, start_http_server
import influxdb_client
from influxdb_client.client.write_api import SYNCHRONOUS
import pandas as pd
import numpy as np
from typing import Dict, List, Optional
import json
import yaml
import logging
from datetime import datetime, timedelta
class CSeriesMonitor:
"""Comprehensive monitoring for C-series servers"""
def __init__(self, config_file: str):
with open(config_file, 'r') as f:
self.config = yaml.safe_load(f)
self.setup_metrics()
self.setup_influxdb()
self.setup_logging()
def setup_metrics(self):
"""Setup Prometheus metrics"""
# Power metrics
self.power_consumption = Gauge(
'cseries_power_watts',
'Current power consumption in watts',
['server', 'chassis', 'datacenter']
)
self.power_state = Gauge(
'cseries_power_state',
'Power state (1=on, 0=off)',
['server', 'chassis', 'datacenter']
)
# Temperature metrics
self.inlet_temp = Gauge(
'cseries_inlet_temp_celsius',
'Inlet temperature in Celsius',
['server', 'chassis', 'datacenter']
)
self.cpu_temp = Gauge(
'cseries_cpu_temp_celsius',
'CPU temperature in Celsius',
['server', 'cpu', 'chassis', 'datacenter']
)
# Health metrics
self.component_health = Gauge(
'cseries_component_health',
'Component health status',
['server', 'component', 'chassis', 'datacenter']
)
self.sel_events = Counter(
'cseries_sel_events_total',
'Total system event log entries',
['server', 'severity', 'type']
)
# Performance metrics
self.command_latency = Histogram(
'cseries_ipmi_command_duration_seconds',
'IPMI command execution time',
['command', 'server']
)
def setup_influxdb(self):
"""Setup InfluxDB connection"""
self.influx_client = influxdb_client.InfluxDBClient(
url=self.config['influxdb']['url'],
token=self.config['influxdb']['token'],
org=self.config['influxdb']['org']
)
self.write_api = self.influx_client.write_api(write_options=SYNCHRONOUS)
async def monitor_all_servers(self):
"""Main monitoring loop"""
while True:
try:
# Get all servers
servers = self.config['servers']
# Monitor in parallel
tasks = []
for server in servers:
task = self.monitor_server(server)
tasks.append(task)
results = await asyncio.gather(*tasks, return_exceptions=True)
# Process results
self.process_monitoring_results(results)
# Check for anomalies
await self.detect_anomalies(results)
# Wait before next iteration
await asyncio.sleep(self.config['monitoring_interval'])
except Exception as e:
self.logger.error(f"Monitoring error: {e}")
await asyncio.sleep(30)
async def monitor_server(self, server: Dict) -> Dict:
"""Monitor individual server"""
start_time = datetime.utcnow()
try:
# Connect to IPMI
async with aioipmi.create_connection(
server['ip'],
username=server['username'],
password=server['password']
) as conn:
# Collect all metrics
metrics = {
'server': server['hostname'],
'ip': server['ip'],
'timestamp': start_time,
'chassis': server.get('chassis', 'unknown'),
'datacenter': server.get('datacenter', 'unknown')
}
# Power metrics
with self.command_latency.labels('power_status', server['hostname']).time():
power_data = await conn.get_power_status()
metrics['power_state'] = power_data
# Sensor data
with self.command_latency.labels('sensor_list', server['hostname']).time():
sensors = await conn.get_sensor_data()
metrics['sensors'] = self._parse_sensors(sensors)
# SEL events
with self.command_latency.labels('sel_list', server['hostname']).time():
sel_events = await conn.get_sel_entries(last_n=10)
metrics['sel_events'] = sel_events
# Component health
health = await self._check_component_health(conn)
metrics['health'] = health
return metrics
except Exception as e:
self.logger.error(f"Failed to monitor {server['hostname']}: {e}")
return {
'server': server['hostname'],
'error': str(e),
'timestamp': start_time
}
def _parse_sensors(self, sensor_data: List) -> Dict:
"""Parse sensor data into structured format"""
parsed = {
'temperature': {},
'voltage': {},
'fan': {},
'power': {}
}
for sensor in sensor_data:
name = sensor['name']
value = sensor['value']
unit = sensor['unit']
status = sensor['status']
if 'Temp' in name:
parsed['temperature'][name] = {
'value': float(value),
'unit': unit,
'status': status
}
elif 'Voltage' in name or 'VRM' in name:
parsed['voltage'][name] = {
'value': float(value),
'unit': unit,
'status': status
}
elif 'Fan' in name or 'RPM' in name:
parsed['fan'][name] = {
'value': float(value),
'unit': unit,
'status': status
}
elif 'Power' in name or 'Watts' in name:
parsed['power'][name] = {
'value': float(value),
'unit': unit,
'status': status
}
return parsed
async def _check_component_health(self, conn) -> Dict:
"""Check health of all components"""
health = {
'overall': 'ok',
'components': {}
}
# Check power supplies
psu_status = await conn.get_psu_status()
health['components']['power_supplies'] = psu_status
# Check fans
fan_status = await conn.get_fan_status()
health['components']['fans'] = fan_status
# Check memory
memory_status = await conn.get_memory_status()
health['components']['memory'] = memory_status
# Check storage
storage_status = await conn.get_storage_status()
health['components']['storage'] = storage_status
# Determine overall health
for component, status in health['components'].items():
if any(s['status'] != 'ok' for s in status):
health['overall'] = 'degraded'
break
return health
def process_monitoring_results(self, results: List[Dict]):
"""Process and store monitoring results"""
for result in results:
if 'error' in result:
continue
# Update Prometheus metrics
self._update_prometheus_metrics(result)
# Store in InfluxDB
self._store_influxdb_metrics(result)
def _update_prometheus_metrics(self, metrics: Dict):
"""Update Prometheus metrics"""
labels = {
'server': metrics['server'],
'chassis': metrics['chassis'],
'datacenter': metrics['datacenter']
}
# Power metrics
if 'power_state' in metrics:
power_value = 1 if metrics['power_state'] == 'on' else 0
self.power_state.labels(**labels).set(power_value)
# Sensor metrics
if 'sensors' in metrics:
sensors = metrics['sensors']
# Temperature
for name, data in sensors['temperature'].items():
if 'Inlet' in name:
self.inlet_temp.labels(**labels).set(data['value'])
elif 'CPU' in name:
cpu_labels = labels.copy()
cpu_labels['cpu'] = name
self.cpu_temp.labels(**cpu_labels).set(data['value'])
# Power consumption
for name, data in sensors['power'].items():
if 'Consumption' in name:
self.power_consumption.labels(**labels).set(data['value'])
# Health metrics
if 'health' in metrics:
for component, status_list in metrics['health']['components'].items():
for item in status_list:
health_labels = labels.copy()
health_labels['component'] = f"{component}_{item['name']}"
health_value = 1 if item['status'] == 'ok' else 0
self.component_health.labels(**health_labels).set(health_value)
# SEL events
if 'sel_events' in metrics:
for event in metrics['sel_events']:
self.sel_events.labels(
server=metrics['server'],
severity=event['severity'],
type=event['type']
).inc()
class AnomalyDetector:
"""Detect anomalies in C-series monitoring data"""
def __init__(self):
self.baseline_window = timedelta(days=7)
self.anomaly_threshold = 3 # Standard deviations
async def detect_anomalies(self, current_data: List[Dict]) -> List[Dict]:
"""Detect anomalies in current data"""
anomalies = []
for server_data in current_data:
if 'error' in server_data:
continue
# Get historical baseline
baseline = await self._get_baseline(server_data['server'])
# Check each metric
if 'sensors' in server_data:
# Temperature anomalies
temp_anomalies = self._check_temperature_anomalies(
server_data['sensors']['temperature'],
baseline.get('temperature', {})
)
anomalies.extend(temp_anomalies)
# Power anomalies
power_anomalies = self._check_power_anomalies(
server_data['sensors']['power'],
baseline.get('power', {})
)
anomalies.extend(power_anomalies)
return anomalies
def _check_temperature_anomalies(self, current: Dict, baseline: Dict) -> List[Dict]:
"""Check for temperature anomalies"""
anomalies = []
for sensor, data in current.items():
if sensor in baseline:
mean = baseline[sensor]['mean']
std = baseline[sensor]['std']
if abs(data['value'] - mean) > self.anomaly_threshold * std:
anomalies.append({
'type': 'temperature_anomaly',
'sensor': sensor,
'value': data['value'],
'expected_range': (mean - 2*std, mean + 2*std),
'severity': self._calculate_severity(data['value'], mean, std)
})
return anomalies
class HealthReporter:
"""Generate health reports for C-series infrastructure"""
def __init__(self, monitor: CSeriesMonitor):
self.monitor = monitor
async def generate_daily_report(self) -> str:
"""Generate daily health report"""
report_date = datetime.now().strftime('%Y-%m-%d')
report = f"""
# PowerEdge C-Series Daily Health Report
Date: {report_date}
## Executive Summary
Total Servers: {self.total_servers}
Healthy: {self.healthy_servers} ({self.healthy_percentage:.1f}%)
Warnings: {self.warning_servers}
Critical: {self.critical_servers}
## Power Statistics
Total Power Consumption: {self.total_power_kw:.1f} kW
Average Power per Server: {self.avg_power_w:.0f} W
Peak Power (24h): {self.peak_power_kw:.1f} kW
Power Efficiency: {self.power_efficiency:.1f}%
## Temperature Summary
Average Inlet Temperature: {self.avg_inlet_temp:.1f}°C
Hottest Server: {self.hottest_server} ({self.max_temp:.1f}°C)
Servers Above Threshold: {self.servers_above_threshold}
## Component Health
| Component | Healthy | Degraded | Failed |
|-----------|---------|----------|--------|
| Power Supplies | {self.psu_healthy} | {self.psu_degraded} | {self.psu_failed} |
| Fans | {self.fan_healthy} | {self.fan_degraded} | {self.fan_failed} |
| Memory | {self.mem_healthy} | {self.mem_degraded} | {self.mem_failed} |
| Storage | {self.storage_healthy} | {self.storage_degraded} | {self.storage_failed} |
## Critical Events (Last 24h)
{self.critical_events_summary}
## Recommendations
{self.recommendations}
## Detailed Server Status
{self.detailed_status}
"""
return report
Security Hardening and Compliance
Comprehensive Security Framework
Implement enterprise security for IPMI:
#!/usr/bin/env python3
"""
IPMI Security Hardening Framework
Comprehensive security implementation for C-series
"""
import asyncio
import aioipmi
from cryptography.fernet import Fernet
from cryptography.hazmat.primitives import hashes
from cryptography.hazmat.primitives.kdf.pbkdf2 import PBKDF2HMAC
import base64
import secrets
import json
from typing import Dict, List, Optional
import logging
from datetime import datetime, timedelta
class IPMISecurityHardening:
"""Comprehensive IPMI security hardening"""
def __init__(self, config: Dict):
self.config = config
self.encryption_key = self._derive_encryption_key()
self.audit_logger = self._setup_audit_logging()
def _derive_encryption_key(self) -> bytes:
"""Derive encryption key from master password"""
password = self.config['master_password'].encode()
salt = self.config['salt'].encode()
kdf = PBKDF2HMAC(
algorithm=hashes.SHA256(),
length=32,
salt=salt,
iterations=100000,
)
key = base64.urlsafe_b64encode(kdf.derive(password))
return key
async def harden_server(self, server: Dict) -> Dict:
"""Apply comprehensive security hardening"""
results = {
'server': server['ip'],
'timestamp': datetime.utcnow(),
'hardening_steps': []
}
try:
# Connect with admin credentials
conn = await aioipmi.create_connection(
server['ip'],
username=server['admin_user'],
password=server['admin_pass']
)
# 1. Disable unnecessary services
await self._disable_unnecessary_services(conn, results)
# 2. Configure strong cipher suites
await self._configure_cipher_suites(conn, results)
# 3. Set up access control
await self._configure_access_control(conn, results)
# 4. Enable encryption
await self._enable_encryption(conn, results)
# 5. Configure session timeout
await self._configure_session_timeout(conn, results)
# 6. Set up audit logging
await self._enable_audit_logging(conn, results)
# 7. Disable default accounts
await self._disable_default_accounts(conn, results)
# 8. Configure network security
await self._configure_network_security(conn, results)
results['status'] = 'success'
except Exception as e:
results['status'] = 'failed'
results['error'] = str(e)
return results
async def _disable_unnecessary_services(self, conn, results: Dict):
"""Disable unnecessary IPMI services"""
services_to_disable = [
('telnet', 'lan channel 1 access off'),
('http', 'lan set 1 http disable'),
('snmp', 'lan set 1 snmp disable')
]
for service, command in services_to_disable:
try:
await conn.raw_command(command)
results['hardening_steps'].append({
'step': f'disable_{service}',
'status': 'success'
})
except Exception as e:
results['hardening_steps'].append({
'step': f'disable_{service}',
'status': 'failed',
'error': str(e)
})
async def _configure_cipher_suites(self, conn, results: Dict):
"""Configure only strong cipher suites"""
# Disable weak ciphers
weak_ciphers = [0, 1, 2, 6, 7, 11]
for cipher in weak_ciphers:
try:
await conn.raw_command(f'lan set 1 cipher_privs {cipher}=X')
results['hardening_steps'].append({
'step': f'disable_cipher_{cipher}',
'status': 'success'
})
except Exception as e:
self.logger.warning(f"Failed to disable cipher {cipher}: {e}")
# Enable only strong ciphers (3=AES-128, 17=AES-128 with SHA256)
strong_ciphers = {
3: 'aaaaXXaaaXXaaXX', # AES-128-CBC
17: 'aaaaXXaaaXXaaXX' # AES-128-CBC with SHA256
}
for cipher, privs in strong_ciphers.items():
try:
await conn.raw_command(f'lan set 1 cipher_privs {cipher}={privs}')
results['hardening_steps'].append({
'step': f'enable_cipher_{cipher}',
'status': 'success'
})
except Exception as e:
results['hardening_steps'].append({
'step': f'enable_cipher_{cipher}',
'status': 'failed',
'error': str(e)
})
class IPMIFirewall:
"""IPMI firewall and network access control"""
def __init__(self):
self.rules = self._load_firewall_rules()
def _load_firewall_rules(self) -> Dict:
"""Load firewall rules"""
return {
'allowed_networks': [
'10.0.100.0/24', # Management network
'10.0.101.0/24', # Monitoring network
'192.168.1.0/24' # Admin network
],
'blocked_networks': [
'0.0.0.0/0' # Block all by default
],
'rate_limits': {
'connections_per_minute': 10,
'commands_per_minute': 100
},
'port_restrictions': {
'ipmi_port': 623,
'allowed_ports': [623, 443],
'blocked_ports': [80, 22, 23]
}
}
async def configure_firewall(self, server: Dict) -> Dict:
"""Configure IPMI firewall rules"""
results = {
'server': server['ip'],
'firewall_rules': []
}
# Configure IP restrictions
for network in self.rules['allowed_networks']:
rule = await self._add_allow_rule(server, network)
results['firewall_rules'].append(rule)
# Configure rate limiting
rate_limit = await self._configure_rate_limiting(server)
results['rate_limiting'] = rate_limit
# Block unnecessary ports
for port in self.rules['port_restrictions']['blocked_ports']:
await self._block_port(server, port)
return results
class ComplianceValidator:
"""Validate IPMI configuration against compliance standards"""
def __init__(self):
self.standards = self._load_standards()
def _load_standards(self) -> Dict:
"""Load compliance standards"""
return {
'cis': {
'name': 'CIS Benchmark',
'version': '1.2.0',
'controls': [
{
'id': '1.1',
'description': 'Ensure default passwords are changed',
'check': 'no_default_passwords'
},
{
'id': '1.2',
'description': 'Ensure strong password policy',
'check': 'password_complexity'
},
{
'id': '2.1',
'description': 'Ensure only secure ciphers',
'check': 'secure_ciphers_only'
}
]
},
'pci_dss': {
'name': 'PCI DSS',
'version': '4.0',
'controls': [
{
'id': '2.3',
'description': 'Encrypt administrative access',
'check': 'encryption_enabled'
},
{
'id': '8.2.3',
'description': 'Password complexity requirements',
'check': 'password_requirements'
}
]
}
}
async def validate_compliance(self, server: Dict) -> Dict:
"""Validate server compliance"""
results = {
'server': server['ip'],
'compliance_status': {},
'findings': []
}
for standard_name, standard in self.standards.items():
standard_results = {
'compliant': True,
'passed_controls': 0,
'failed_controls': 0,
'findings': []
}
for control in standard['controls']:
passed = await self._check_control(server, control['check'])
if passed:
standard_results['passed_controls'] += 1
else:
standard_results['failed_controls'] += 1
standard_results['compliant'] = False
standard_results['findings'].append({
'control_id': control['id'],
'description': control['description'],
'status': 'failed'
})
results['compliance_status'][standard_name] = standard_results
return results
class SecurityAuditor:
"""Automated security auditing for IPMI"""
def __init__(self):
self.audit_checks = self._define_audit_checks()
def _define_audit_checks(self) -> List[Dict]:
"""Define security audit checks"""
return [
{
'name': 'default_credentials',
'description': 'Check for default credentials',
'severity': 'critical',
'remediation': 'Change all default passwords'
},
{
'name': 'weak_ciphers',
'description': 'Check for weak cipher suites',
'severity': 'high',
'remediation': 'Disable cipher suites 0,1,2,6,7,11'
},
{
'name': 'unnecessary_services',
'description': 'Check for unnecessary services',
'severity': 'medium',
'remediation': 'Disable telnet, HTTP, SNMP if not needed'
},
{
'name': 'session_timeout',
'description': 'Check session timeout configuration',
'severity': 'medium',
'remediation': 'Set session timeout to 15 minutes or less'
},
{
'name': 'audit_logging',
'description': 'Check if audit logging is enabled',
'severity': 'medium',
'remediation': 'Enable comprehensive audit logging'
},
{
'name': 'network_isolation',
'description': 'Check network isolation',
'severity': 'high',
'remediation': 'Ensure IPMI is on isolated management network'
}
]
async def audit_infrastructure(self, servers: List[Dict]) -> Dict:
"""Perform comprehensive security audit"""
audit_results = {
'timestamp': datetime.utcnow(),
'total_servers': len(servers),
'findings_summary': {
'critical': 0,
'high': 0,
'medium': 0,
'low': 0
},
'server_results': []
}
for server in servers:
server_audit = await self._audit_server(server)
audit_results['server_results'].append(server_audit)
# Update summary
for finding in server_audit['findings']:
severity = finding['severity']
audit_results['findings_summary'][severity] += 1
# Generate recommendations
audit_results['recommendations'] = self._generate_recommendations(
audit_results
)
return audit_results
# Hardening script implementation
HARDENING_SCRIPT = """
#!/bin/bash
# IPMI Security Hardening Script for PowerEdge C-series
set -euo pipefail
IPMI_HOST="$1"
IPMI_USER="$2"
IPMI_PASS="$3"
log() {
echo "[$(date +'%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S')] $1"
}
# Function to execute IPMI command
ipmi_exec() {
ipmitool -I lanplus -H "$IPMI_HOST" -U "$IPMI_USER" -P "$IPMI_PASS" "$@"
}
log "Starting IPMI security hardening for $IPMI_HOST"
# 1. Disable weak cipher suites
log "Configuring cipher suites..."
for cipher in 0 1 2 6 7 11; do
ipmi_exec lan set 1 cipher_privs "${cipher}=XXXXXXXXXXXXXXX" || true
done
# Enable only strong ciphers (3=AES128, 17=AES128-SHA256)
ipmi_exec lan set 1 cipher_privs "3=aaaaXXaaaXXaaXX"
ipmi_exec lan set 1 cipher_privs "17=aaaaXXaaaXXaaXX"
# 2. Configure authentication
log "Configuring authentication types..."
ipmi_exec lan set 1 auth ADMIN MD5,PASSWORD
ipmi_exec lan set 1 auth OPERATOR MD5,PASSWORD
ipmi_exec lan set 1 auth USER MD5,PASSWORD
# 3. Set session timeout (900 seconds = 15 minutes)
log "Setting session timeout..."
ipmi_exec sol set timeout 900 1
# 4. Configure channel security
log "Configuring channel security..."
ipmi_exec channel setaccess 1 1 link=on ipmi=on callin=on privilege=4
# 5. Disable unnecessary users
log "Auditing user accounts..."
for userid in {2..16}; do
username=$(ipmi_exec user list 1 | grep "^$userid" | awk '{print $2}')
if [[ "$username" == "(Empty)" ]] || [[ -z "$username" ]]; then
continue
elif [[ "$username" == "root" ]] || [[ "$username" == "ADMIN" ]]; then
log "WARNING: Default user '$username' found - should be renamed"
fi
done
# 6. Enable audit logging
log "Configuring audit settings..."
# Enable SEL logging for all events
ipmi_exec sel policy list
# 7. Network configuration
log "Configuring network security..."
# Enable VLAN tagging if required
# ipmi_exec lan set 1 vlan id 100
# 8. Generate security report
log "Generating security report..."
{
echo "=== IPMI Security Configuration Report ==="
echo "Host: $IPMI_HOST"
echo "Date: $(date)"
echo ""
echo "Cipher Suites:"
ipmi_exec lan print 1 | grep -i cipher
echo ""
echo "Authentication Types:"
ipmi_exec lan print 1 | grep -i auth
echo ""
echo "Active Users:"
ipmi_exec user list 1
} > "ipmi_security_report_${IPMI_HOST}.txt"
log "Security hardening completed for $IPMI_HOST"
"""
Automated Health Monitoring
Predictive Health Monitoring System
Implement AI-driven health monitoring:
#!/usr/bin/env python3
"""
Predictive Health Monitoring for PowerEdge C-series
AI-driven failure prediction and prevention
"""
import asyncio
import aioipmi
import pandas as pd
import numpy as np
from sklearn.ensemble import RandomForestClassifier, IsolationForest
from sklearn.preprocessing import StandardScaler
import joblib
import json
from datetime import datetime, timedelta
from typing import Dict, List, Optional, Tuple
import logging
class PredictiveHealthMonitor:
"""AI-driven health monitoring system"""
def __init__(self, config: Dict):
self.config = config
self.models = {}
self.scalers = {}
self.load_or_train_models()
def load_or_train_models(self):
"""Load existing models or train new ones"""
model_types = ['fan_failure', 'psu_failure', 'disk_failure', 'memory_failure']
for model_type in model_types:
try:
self.models[model_type] = joblib.load(f'models/{model_type}_model.pkl')
self.scalers[model_type] = joblib.load(f'models/{model_type}_scaler.pkl')
except:
# Train new model if not found
self.train_model(model_type)
def train_model(self, failure_type: str):
"""Train predictive model for specific failure type"""
# Load historical data
data = self.load_training_data(failure_type)
# Feature engineering
features = self.extract_features(data, failure_type)
labels = data['failure_within_7_days']
# Split and scale
scaler = StandardScaler()
X_scaled = scaler.fit_transform(features)
# Train model
if failure_type in ['fan_failure', 'psu_failure']:
model = RandomForestClassifier(
n_estimators=100,
max_depth=10,
random_state=42
)
else:
model = IsolationForest(
contamination=0.01,
random_state=42
)
model.fit(X_scaled, labels)
# Save model
self.models[failure_type] = model
self.scalers[failure_type] = scaler
joblib.dump(model, f'models/{failure_type}_model.pkl')
joblib.dump(scaler, f'models/{failure_type}_scaler.pkl')
def extract_features(self, data: pd.DataFrame, failure_type: str) -> np.ndarray:
"""Extract features for prediction"""
features = []
if failure_type == 'fan_failure':
features.extend([
data['fan_speed_avg'],
data['fan_speed_variance'],
data['fan_speed_trend'],
data['ambient_temp'],
data['cpu_temp'],
data['fan_age_days'],
data['dust_accumulation_score']
])
elif failure_type == 'psu_failure':
features.extend([
data['input_voltage_variance'],
data['output_current_max'],
data['efficiency_trend'],
data['temperature_delta'],
data['power_cycles_count'],
data['surge_events_count'],
data['psu_age_days']
])
elif failure_type == 'disk_failure':
features.extend([
data['reallocated_sectors'],
data['pending_sectors'],
data['uncorrectable_errors'],
data['temperature_max'],
data['power_on_hours'],
data['load_cycle_count'],
data['read_error_rate']
])
elif failure_type == 'memory_failure':
features.extend([
data['correctable_ecc_errors'],
data['uncorrectable_ecc_errors'],
data['memory_temperature'],
data['memory_voltage_variance'],
data['dimm_age_days'],
data['thermal_cycles']
])
return np.column_stack(features)
async def predict_failures(self, server_data: Dict) -> List[Dict]:
"""Predict potential failures"""
predictions = []
for failure_type, model in self.models.items():
# Extract current features
features = self.extract_current_features(server_data, failure_type)
if features is not None:
# Scale features
scaled_features = self.scalers[failure_type].transform([features])
# Predict
if hasattr(model, 'predict_proba'):
probability = model.predict_proba(scaled_features)[0][1]
if probability > 0.7:
predictions.append({
'server': server_data['server'],
'component': failure_type.replace('_failure', ''),
'failure_probability': probability,
'predicted_timeframe': '7 days',
'confidence': self._calculate_confidence(probability),
'recommended_action': self._get_recommendation(failure_type, probability)
})
else:
# Anomaly detection
anomaly_score = model.decision_function(scaled_features)[0]
if anomaly_score < -0.5:
predictions.append({
'server': server_data['server'],
'component': failure_type.replace('_failure', ''),
'anomaly_score': abs(anomaly_score),
'status': 'anomaly_detected',
'recommended_action': 'Investigate unusual behavior'
})
return predictions
class HealthDashboard:
"""Real-time health monitoring dashboard"""
def __init__(self):
self.current_health = {}
self.historical_health = []
self.active_predictions = []
async def update_health_status(self, server: str, health_data: Dict):
"""Update server health status"""
self.current_health[server] = {
'timestamp': datetime.utcnow(),
'overall_health': self._calculate_overall_health(health_data),
'components': health_data,
'risk_score': self._calculate_risk_score(health_data)
}
# Store historical data
self.historical_health.append({
'server': server,
'timestamp': datetime.utcnow(),
'health_score': self.current_health[server]['overall_health']
})
# Trim historical data (keep 30 days)
cutoff = datetime.utcnow() - timedelta(days=30)
self.historical_health = [
h for h in self.historical_health
if h['timestamp'] > cutoff
]
def _calculate_overall_health(self, health_data: Dict) -> float:
"""Calculate overall health score (0-100)"""
component_scores = {
'power': self._score_power_health(health_data.get('power', {})),
'thermal': self._score_thermal_health(health_data.get('thermal', {})),
'fans': self._score_fan_health(health_data.get('fans', {})),
'memory': self._score_memory_health(health_data.get('memory', {})),
'storage': self._score_storage_health(health_data.get('storage', {}))
}
# Weighted average
weights = {
'power': 0.25,
'thermal': 0.20,
'fans': 0.20,
'memory': 0.20,
'storage': 0.15
}
overall_score = sum(
component_scores[comp] * weights[comp]
for comp in component_scores
)
return round(overall_score, 1)
def generate_health_report(self) -> str:
"""Generate comprehensive health report"""
report = f"""
# PowerEdge C-Series Health Report
Generated: {datetime.now().strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M')}
## Fleet Health Summary
Total Servers: {len(self.current_health)}
Healthy (>90%): {self._count_healthy_servers()}
Warning (70-90%): {self._count_warning_servers()}
Critical (<70%): {self._count_critical_servers()}
## Component Health Distribution
| Component | Excellent | Good | Fair | Poor |
|-----------|-----------|------|------|------|
| Power | {self.power_health['excellent']} | {self.power_health['good']} | {self.power_health['fair']} | {self.power_health['poor']} |
| Thermal | {self.thermal_health['excellent']} | {self.thermal_health['good']} | {self.thermal_health['fair']} | {self.thermal_health['poor']} |
| Fans | {self.fan_health['excellent']} | {self.fan_health['good']} | {self.fan_health['fair']} | {self.fan_health['poor']} |
| Memory | {self.memory_health['excellent']} | {self.memory_health['good']} | {self.memory_health['fair']} | {self.memory_health['poor']} |
| Storage | {self.storage_health['excellent']} | {self.storage_health['good']} | {self.storage_health['fair']} | {self.storage_health['poor']} |
## Predictive Maintenance Alerts
{self._format_predictions()}
## Top Risk Servers
{self._format_top_risks()}
## Recommended Actions
{self._generate_recommendations()}
## Historical Trends
- Average fleet health (30d): {self.avg_health_30d:.1f}%
- Health trend: {self.health_trend}
- MTBF projection: {self.mtbf_days} days
"""
return report
class AutomatedHealthResponse:
"""Automated response to health issues"""
def __init__(self):
self.response_policies = self._load_response_policies()
def _load_response_policies(self) -> Dict:
"""Load automated response policies"""
return {
'fan_degradation': {
'condition': 'fan_speed < 70% of nominal',
'actions': [
'increase_fan_speed_profile',
'schedule_maintenance',
'notify_ops_team'
]
},
'thermal_warning': {
'condition': 'inlet_temp > 27C',
'actions': [
'increase_cooling',
'reduce_workload',
'investigate_airflow'
]
},
'psu_redundancy_lost': {
'condition': 'active_psu_count < 2',
'actions': [
'alert_critical',
'order_replacement',
'prepare_failover'
]
},
'memory_errors_increasing': {
'condition': 'ecc_errors > threshold',
'actions': [
'schedule_memory_test',
'prepare_dimm_replacement',
'migrate_critical_workloads'
]
}
}
async def respond_to_health_issue(self, issue: Dict):
"""Automatically respond to health issues"""
issue_type = issue['type']
if issue_type in self.response_policies:
policy = self.response_policies[issue_type]
for action in policy['actions']:
await self._execute_action(action, issue)
async def _execute_action(self, action: str, issue: Dict):
"""Execute automated response action"""
if action == 'increase_fan_speed_profile':
await self._increase_fan_speed(issue['server'])
elif action == 'reduce_workload':
await self._reduce_server_workload(issue['server'])
elif action == 'alert_critical':
await self._send_critical_alert(issue)
elif action == 'schedule_maintenance':
await self._create_maintenance_ticket(issue)
Firmware Management at Scale
Enterprise Firmware Management
Implement firmware management for large deployments:
#!/usr/bin/env python3
"""
Enterprise Firmware Management for PowerEdge C-series
Automated firmware updates and compliance
"""
import asyncio
import aiohttp
import aioipmi
from typing import Dict, List, Optional, Tuple
import hashlib
import json
from datetime import datetime
import logging
import yaml
class FirmwareManager:
"""Manage firmware across C-series fleet"""
def __init__(self, config_file: str):
with open(config_file, 'r') as f:
self.config = yaml.safe_load(f)
self.repository = FirmwareRepository(self.config['repository'])
self.update_policies = self._load_update_policies()
def _load_update_policies(self) -> Dict:
"""Load firmware update policies"""
return {
'production': {
'auto_update': False,
'require_approval': True,
'maintenance_window': {
'day': 'sunday',
'start_hour': 2,
'duration_hours': 4
},
'min_version_age_days': 30
},
'development': {
'auto_update': True,
'require_approval': False,
'maintenance_window': 'any',
'min_version_age_days': 7
},
'security_critical': {
'auto_update': True,
'require_approval': False,
'maintenance_window': 'immediate',
'min_version_age_days': 0
}
}
async def check_firmware_compliance(self) -> Dict:
"""Check firmware compliance across fleet"""
compliance_report = {
'timestamp': datetime.utcnow(),
'total_servers': 0,
'compliant': 0,
'non_compliant': 0,
'updates_available': 0,
'security_updates': 0,
'servers': []
}
servers = await self._get_all_servers()
compliance_report['total_servers'] = len(servers)
for server in servers:
server_compliance = await self._check_server_firmware(server)
compliance_report['servers'].append(server_compliance)
if server_compliance['compliant']:
compliance_report['compliant'] += 1
else:
compliance_report['non_compliant'] += 1
if server_compliance['updates_available']:
compliance_report['updates_available'] += 1
if server_compliance['security_updates']:
compliance_report['security_updates'] += 1
return compliance_report
async def _check_server_firmware(self, server: Dict) -> Dict:
"""Check firmware status for single server"""
result = {
'server': server['hostname'],
'ip': server['ip'],
'model': server['model'],
'current_versions': {},
'available_updates': [],
'compliant': True,
'security_updates': False
}
# Get current firmware versions
current = await self._get_current_firmware(server)
result['current_versions'] = current
# Check for updates
for component, version in current.items():
latest = await self.repository.get_latest_version(
server['model'],
component
)
if latest and self._version_compare(version, latest['version']) < 0:
update = {
'component': component,
'current': version,
'latest': latest['version'],
'release_date': latest['release_date'],
'security_fix': latest.get('security_fix', False),
'criticality': latest.get('criticality', 'normal')
}
result['available_updates'].append(update)
if latest.get('security_fix'):
result['security_updates'] = True
if latest.get('mandatory'):
result['compliant'] = False
return result
async def plan_firmware_updates(self, compliance_report: Dict) -> List[Dict]:
"""Plan firmware updates based on policies"""
update_plan = []
for server in compliance_report['servers']:
if not server['available_updates']:
continue
server_plan = {
'server': server['server'],
'updates': [],
'policy': self._determine_policy(server),
'scheduled_time': None,
'approval_required': False
}
policy = self.update_policies[server_plan['policy']]
for update in server['available_updates']:
# Check if update meets policy criteria
if self._should_update(update, policy):
server_plan['updates'].append(update)
if server_plan['updates']:
# Schedule update
server_plan['scheduled_time'] = self._schedule_update(policy)
server_plan['approval_required'] = policy['require_approval']
update_plan.append(server_plan)
return update_plan
async def execute_firmware_update(self, server: Dict, updates: List[Dict]):
"""Execute firmware updates on server"""
results = {
'server': server['hostname'],
'start_time': datetime.utcnow(),
'updates': [],
'status': 'in_progress'
}
try:
# Connect to server
conn = await aioipmi.create_connection(
server['ip'],
username=server['username'],
password=server['password']
)
# Put server in maintenance mode
await self._enter_maintenance_mode(server)
for update in updates:
update_result = await self._apply_firmware_update(
conn,
server,
update
)
results['updates'].append(update_result)
# Reboot if required
if any(u['reboot_required'] for u in results['updates']):
await self._reboot_server(conn)
await self._wait_for_server(server)
# Exit maintenance mode
await self._exit_maintenance_mode(server)
results['status'] = 'completed'
results['end_time'] = datetime.utcnow()
except Exception as e:
results['status'] = 'failed'
results['error'] = str(e)
self.logger.error(f"Firmware update failed for {server['hostname']}: {e}")
return results
class FirmwareRepository:
"""Firmware repository management"""
def __init__(self, config: Dict):
self.config = config
self.cache = {}
async def get_latest_version(self, model: str, component: str) -> Optional[Dict]:
"""Get latest firmware version for component"""
cache_key = f"{model}:{component}"
# Check cache
if cache_key in self.cache:
return self.cache[cache_key]
# Query repository
async with aiohttp.ClientSession() as session:
url = f"{self.config['base_url']}/firmware/{model}/{component}/latest"
async with session.get(url) as response:
if response.status == 200:
data = await response.json()
self.cache[cache_key] = data
return data
return None
async def download_firmware(self, firmware_info: Dict) -> bytes:
"""Download firmware file"""
async with aiohttp.ClientSession() as session:
async with session.get(firmware_info['download_url']) as response:
firmware_data = await response.read()
# Verify checksum
checksum = hashlib.sha256(firmware_data).hexdigest()
if checksum != firmware_info['sha256']:
raise ValueError("Firmware checksum mismatch")
return firmware_data
# Firmware update automation script
FIRMWARE_UPDATE_SCRIPT = """
#!/bin/bash
# Automated Firmware Update Script for PowerEdge C-series
set -euo pipefail
# Configuration
FIRMWARE_DIR="/var/firmware/dell"
LOG_FILE="/var/log/firmware_update.log"
BACKUP_DIR="/var/backup/firmware"
# Function to log messages
log() {
echo "[$(date +'%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S')] $1" | tee -a "$LOG_FILE"
}
# Function to backup current firmware
backup_firmware() {
local server=$1
local backup_path="$BACKUP_DIR/${server}_$(date +%Y%m%d_%H%M%S)"
mkdir -p "$backup_path"
log "Backing up current firmware for $server"
# Get current versions
ipmitool -I lanplus -H "$server" -U "$IPMI_USER" -P "$IPMI_PASS" \
mc info > "$backup_path/bmc_info.txt"
# Save configuration
ipmitool -I lanplus -H "$server" -U "$IPMI_USER" -P "$IPMI_PASS" \
lan print 1 > "$backup_path/network_config.txt"
# Save user list
ipmitool -I lanplus -H "$server" -U "$IPMI_USER" -P "$IPMI_PASS" \
user list 1 > "$backup_path/users.txt"
}
# Function to update BMC firmware
update_bmc_firmware() {
local server=$1
local firmware_file=$2
log "Updating BMC firmware on $server"
# Enter firmware update mode
ipmitool -I lanplus -H "$server" -U "$IPMI_USER" -P "$IPMI_PASS" \
raw 0x30 0x20 0x01
# Transfer firmware
log "Transferring firmware file..."
# Implementation depends on BMC capabilities
# Some support HTTP upload, others require vendor tools
# Activate new firmware
ipmitool -I lanplus -H "$server" -U "$IPMI_USER" -P "$IPMI_PASS" \
raw 0x30 0x21 0x01
# Wait for BMC to restart
log "Waiting for BMC to restart..."
sleep 120
# Verify update
verify_firmware_update "$server"
}
# Function to verify firmware update
verify_firmware_update() {
local server=$1
local max_attempts=30
local attempt=0
while [ $attempt -lt $max_attempts ]; do
if ipmitool -I lanplus -H "$server" -U "$IPMI_USER" -P "$IPMI_PASS" \
mc info &>/dev/null; then
log "BMC is responsive after update"
# Get new version
new_version=$(ipmitool -I lanplus -H "$server" -U "$IPMI_USER" -P "$IPMI_PASS" \
mc info | grep "Firmware Revision" | awk '{print $4}')
log "New firmware version: $new_version"
return 0
fi
((attempt++))
sleep 10
done
log "ERROR: BMC not responsive after firmware update"
return 1
}
# Function to update BIOS
update_bios() {
local server=$1
local bios_file=$2
log "Updating BIOS on $server"
# Stage BIOS update
# This typically requires vendor-specific tools
# Example using Dell's racadm:
# racadm -r "$server" -u "$IPMI_USER" -p "$IPMI_PASS" \
# update -f "$bios_file" -t BIOS
# Schedule reboot for BIOS update
log "Scheduling reboot for BIOS update"
ipmitool -I lanplus -H "$server" -U "$IPMI_USER" -P "$IPMI_PASS" \
chassis power cycle
}
# Main update process
main() {
local server_list="$1"
local firmware_type="$2"
local firmware_file="$3"
log "Starting firmware update process"
log "Type: $firmware_type"
log "File: $firmware_file"
# Verify firmware file
if [ ! -f "$firmware_file" ]; then
log "ERROR: Firmware file not found: $firmware_file"
exit 1
fi
# Process each server
while IFS= read -r server; do
log "Processing server: $server"
# Backup current state
backup_firmware "$server"
# Perform update based on type
case "$firmware_type" in
"bmc")
update_bmc_firmware "$server" "$firmware_file"
;;
"bios")
update_bios "$server" "$firmware_file"
;;
*)
log "ERROR: Unknown firmware type: $firmware_type"
exit 1
;;
esac
log "Completed update for $server"
done < "$server_list"
log "Firmware update process completed"
}
# Execute main function
main "$@"
"""
Best Practices and Guidelines
Enterprise IPMI Management Best Practices
Security First Approach
- Change all default passwords immediately
- Use strong, unique passwords (16+ characters)
- Enable only AES-128 cipher suites (3, 17)
- Implement network isolation for IPMI
- Regular security audits and compliance checks
Access Control
- Integrate with Active Directory/LDAP
- Implement role-based access control
- Use dedicated IPMI admin accounts
- Enable comprehensive audit logging
- Regular access reviews
Network Architecture
- Dedicated IPMI VLAN (isolated from production)
- Firewall rules restricting access
- VPN access for remote management
- Network segmentation by criticality
- Regular network security assessments
Monitoring and Alerting
- Real-time health monitoring
- Predictive failure analysis
- Automated alert routing
- Integration with ticketing systems
- Regular monitoring system validation
Automation Guidelines
automation_principles: safety_first: - always_backup_config: true - test_in_dev_first: true - gradual_rollout: true - rollback_capability: required change_control: - approval_required: production - maintenance_windows: enforced - documentation: mandatory - audit_trail: complete error_handling: - graceful_failures: true - automatic_rollback: true - alert_on_failure: true - manual_override: availableFirmware Management
- Maintain firmware inventory
- Test updates in non-production first
- Schedule updates during maintenance windows
- Always backup before updates
- Verify successful updates
Documentation Requirements
- Network diagrams with IPMI layout
- Access control matrix
- Runbooks for common tasks
- Troubleshooting guides
- Change logs
This comprehensive guide transforms basic IPMI commands into a complete enterprise management framework for Dell PowerEdge C-series servers, enabling secure, automated, and efficient infrastructure management at scale.