class NetworkSegmentationManager:
    def __init__(self):
        self.vlans = {}
        self.subnets = {}
        self.security_zones = {}
        self.access_policies = {}
        self.trunk_configurations = {}
        
    def create_security_zone(self, zone_config):
        """Create comprehensive security zone"""
        zone = SecurityZone(
            name=zone_config['name'],
            trust_level=zone_config['trust_level'],
            vlans=zone_config['vlans'],
            subnets=zone_config['subnets'],
            access_policies=zone_config['access_policies'],
            monitoring_level=zone_config.get('monitoring_level', 'standard')
        )
        
        # Configure VLANs for the zone
        for vlan_config in zone_config['vlans']:
            self.configure_vlan(vlan_config, zone)
        
        # Configure subnets
        for subnet_config in zone_config['subnets']:
            self.configure_subnet(subnet_config, zone)
        
        # Apply security policies
        self.apply_zone_policies(zone)
        
        self.security_zones[zone.name] = zone
        return zone
    
    def configure_vlan(self, vlan_config, zone):
        """Configure VLAN with security policies"""
        vlan = VLAN(
            id=vlan_config['id'],
            name=vlan_config['name'],
            description=vlan_config.get('description', ''),
            zone=zone.name,
            dhcp_helper=vlan_config.get('dhcp_helper'),
            access_ports=vlan_config.get('access_ports', []),
            trunk_ports=vlan_config.get('trunk_ports', [])
        )
        
        # Configure VLAN security features
        vlan.storm_control = vlan_config.get('storm_control', {
            'broadcast': 10,
            'multicast': 10,
            'unicast': 10
        })
        
        vlan.port_security = vlan_config.get('port_security', {
            'max_mac_addresses': 3,
            'violation_action': 'shutdown',
            'aging_time': 300
        })
        
        vlan.dhcp_snooping = vlan_config.get('dhcp_snooping', {
            'enabled': True,
            'trusted_ports': [],
            'rate_limit': 100
        })
        
        self.vlans[vlan.id] = vlan
        return vlan
    
    def generate_switch_configuration(self, switch_type, vlans):
        """Generate switch configuration for segmentation"""
        if switch_type == 'cisco_ios':
            return self.generate_cisco_ios_config(vlans)
        elif switch_type == 'juniper':
            return self.generate_juniper_config(vlans)
        elif switch_type == 'arista':
            return self.generate_arista_config(vlans)
    
    def generate_cisco_ios_config(self, vlans):
        """Generate Cisco IOS configuration"""
        config = []
        
        # Global VLAN configuration
        for vlan in vlans:
            config.extend([
                f"vlan {vlan.id}",
                f" name {vlan.name}",
                f" exit"
            ])
        
        # Interface configuration
        for vlan in vlans:
            # Access ports
            for port in vlan.access_ports:
                config.extend([
                    f"interface {port}",
                    f" switchport mode access",
                    f" switchport access vlan {vlan.id}",
                    f" switchport port-security",
                    f" switchport port-security maximum {vlan.port_security['max_mac_addresses']}",
                    f" switchport port-security violation {vlan.port_security['violation_action']}",
                    f" switchport port-security aging time {vlan.port_security['aging_time']}",
                    f" switchport port-security aging type inactivity",
                    f" switchport port-security",
                    f" storm-control broadcast level {vlan.storm_control['broadcast']}",
                    f" storm-control multicast level {vlan.storm_control['multicast']}",
                    f" spanning-tree portfast",
                    f" spanning-tree bpduguard enable",
                    f" exit"
                ])
            
            # Trunk ports
            for trunk_port in vlan.trunk_ports:
                config.extend([
                    f"interface {trunk_port}",
                    f" switchport mode trunk",
                    f" switchport trunk allowed vlan {','.join(map(str, [v.id for v in vlans]))}",
                    f" switchport trunk native vlan 999",
                    f" exit"
                ])
        
        # DHCP snooping configuration
        config.extend([
            "ip dhcp snooping",
            "ip dhcp snooping information option",
            "no ip dhcp snooping information option allow-untrusted"
        ])
        
        for vlan in vlans:
            if vlan.dhcp_snooping['enabled']:
                config.append(f"ip dhcp snooping vlan {vlan.id}")
        
        return '\n'.join(config)

class MicroSegmentationEngine:
    def __init__(self):
        self.policy_engine = PolicyEngine()
        self.flow_classifier = FlowClassifier()
        self.security_groups = {}
        self.micro_segments = {}
        self.enforcement_points = {}
        
    def create_micro_segment(self, segment_config):
        """Create micro-segment with granular policies"""
        segment = MicroSegment(
            id=segment_config['id'],
            name=segment_config['name'],
            workloads=segment_config['workloads'],
            security_policies=segment_config['security_policies'],
            communication_matrix=segment_config.get('communication_matrix', {}),
            monitoring_policies=segment_config.get('monitoring_policies', {})
        )
        
        # Generate security policies
        for policy_config in segment_config['security_policies']:
            policy = self.policy_engine.create_policy(policy_config)
            segment.add_policy(policy)
        
        # Configure enforcement points
        for workload in segment.workloads:
            enforcement_point = self.create_enforcement_point(workload, segment)
            self.enforcement_points[workload.id] = enforcement_point
        
        self.micro_segments[segment.id] = segment
        return segment
    
    def create_enforcement_point(self, workload, segment):
        """Create policy enforcement point for workload"""
        if workload.type == 'vm':
            return VMEnforcementPoint(workload, segment)
        elif workload.type == 'container':
            return ContainerEnforcementPoint(workload, segment)
        elif workload.type == 'physical':
            return PhysicalEnforcementPoint(workload, segment)
    
    def enforce_communication_policy(self, source_workload, dest_workload, flow):
        """Enforce micro-segmentation communication policy"""
        source_segment = self.get_workload_segment(source_workload)
        dest_segment = self.get_workload_segment(dest_workload)
        
        # Check if communication is allowed
        if not self.is_communication_allowed(source_segment, dest_segment, flow):
            return PolicyDecision.DENY
        
        # Apply flow-specific policies
        flow_policies = self.get_flow_policies(source_segment, dest_segment, flow)
        
        for policy in flow_policies:
            decision = policy.evaluate(source_workload, dest_workload, flow)
            if decision == PolicyDecision.DENY:
                return PolicyDecision.DENY
            elif decision == PolicyDecision.MONITOR:
                self.log_communication(source_workload, dest_workload, flow, 'MONITORED')
        
        return PolicyDecision.ALLOW

class ZeroTrustNetworkArchitecture:
    def __init__(self):
        self.identity_provider = IdentityProvider()
        self.policy_decision_point = PolicyDecisionPoint()
        self.policy_enforcement_points = {}
        self.continuous_verification = ContinuousVerification()
        self.threat_intelligence = ThreatIntelligence()
        
    def implement_zero_trust_segmentation(self, network_config):
        """Implement zero trust network segmentation"""
        # Create identity-based security groups
        security_groups = self.create_identity_based_groups(network_config['identities'])
        
        # Implement least privilege access policies
        access_policies = self.create_least_privilege_policies(security_groups)
        
        # Deploy policy enforcement points
        for location in network_config['enforcement_locations']:
            pep = self.deploy_policy_enforcement_point(location)
            self.policy_enforcement_points[location['id']] = pep
        
        # Configure continuous verification
        self.continuous_verification.configure(network_config['verification_policies'])
        
        return {
            'security_groups': security_groups,
            'access_policies': access_policies,
            'enforcement_points': self.policy_enforcement_points
        }
    
    def evaluate_access_request(self, request):
        """Evaluate access request using zero trust principles"""
        # Verify identity
        identity_verified = self.identity_provider.verify_identity(request.user)
        if not identity_verified:
            return AccessDecision.DENY
        
        # Verify device trust
        device_trusted = self.verify_device_trust(request.device)
        if not device_trusted:
            return AccessDecision.DENY
        
        # Check threat intelligence
        threat_indicators = self.threat_intelligence.check_indicators(request)
        if threat_indicators.risk_level > 0.7:
            return AccessDecision.DENY
        
        # Evaluate policies
        policy_decision = self.policy_decision_point.evaluate(request)
        
        # Continuous verification
        verification_result = self.continuous_verification.verify(request)
        
        return self.combine_decisions([
            identity_verified,
            device_trusted,
            policy_decision,
            verification_result
        ])

class SoftwareDefinedPerimeter:
    """Software Defined Perimeter implementation"""
    
    def __init__(self):
        self.controller = SDPController()
        self.gateways = {}
        self.clients = {}
        self.policies = {}
        
    def create_secure_connection(self, client_id, resource_id):
        """Create secure SDP connection"""
        # Authenticate client
        auth_result = self.controller.authenticate_client(client_id)
        if not auth_result.success:
            return False
        
        # Authorize access to resource
        authz_result = self.controller.authorize_access(client_id, resource_id)
        if not authz_result.success:
            return False
        
        # Select optimal gateway
        gateway = self.select_gateway(client_id, resource_id)
        
        # Establish encrypted tunnel
        tunnel = self.establish_tunnel(client_id, gateway, resource_id)
        
        # Configure dynamic firewall rules
        self.configure_dynamic_firewall(tunnel)
        
        return tunnel
    
    def select_gateway(self, client_id, resource_id):
        """Select optimal SDP gateway"""
        client_location = self.get_client_location(client_id)
        resource_location = self.get_resource_location(resource_id)
        
        # Find gateways near both client and resource
        candidate_gateways = []
        for gateway_id, gateway in self.gateways.items():
            if (gateway.can_reach_client(client_location) and 
                gateway.can_reach_resource(resource_location)):
                candidate_gateways.append(gateway)
        
        # Select based on performance metrics
        return min(candidate_gateways, key=lambda g: g.latency + g.load_factor)

class NetworkPolicyOrchestrator:
    """Orchestrate network policies across multiple enforcement points"""
    
    def __init__(self):
        self.policy_store = PolicyStore()
        self.enforcement_managers = {
            'firewall': FirewallManager(),
            'switch': SwitchManager(),
            'sdn_controller': SDNControllerManager(),
            'vm_firewall': VMFirewallManager(),
            'container_network': ContainerNetworkManager()
        }
        
    def deploy_segmentation_policy(self, policy_definition):
        """Deploy segmentation policy across enforcement points"""
        deployment_plan = self.create_deployment_plan(policy_definition)
        
        results = {}
        for enforcement_point, config in deployment_plan.items():
            manager = self.enforcement_managers[enforcement_point]
            result = manager.deploy_policy(config)
            results[enforcement_point] = result
        
        # Verify policy deployment
        verification_result = self.verify_policy_deployment(policy_definition, results)
        
        return {
            'deployment_results': results,
            'verification': verification_result
        }
    
    def create_deployment_plan(self, policy_definition):
        """Create deployment plan for policy across enforcement points"""
        plan = {}
        
        # Translate high-level policy to enforcement-specific configurations
        for enforcement_type in policy_definition['enforcement_points']:
            if enforcement_type == 'firewall':
                plan['firewall'] = self.translate_to_firewall_rules(policy_definition)
            elif enforcement_type == 'switch':
                plan['switch'] = self.translate_to_switch_acls(policy_definition)
            elif enforcement_type == 'sdn':
                plan['sdn_controller'] = self.translate_to_sdn_flows(policy_definition)
        
        return plan
    
    def translate_to_firewall_rules(self, policy):
        """Translate policy to firewall rules"""
        rules = []
        
        for rule in policy['rules']:
            firewall_rule = {
                'action': rule['action'],
                'source': rule['source'],
                'destination': rule['destination'],
                'protocol': rule.get('protocol', 'any'),
                'port': rule.get('port', 'any'),
                'direction': rule.get('direction', 'any')
            }
            rules.append(firewall_rule)
        
        return {'rules': rules}
    
    def monitor_segmentation_effectiveness(self):
        """Monitor and report on segmentation effectiveness"""
        metrics = {
            'policy_violations': self.count_policy_violations(),
            'unauthorized_communications': self.detect_unauthorized_comms(),
            'segmentation_coverage': self.calculate_coverage(),
            'policy_compliance': self.check_policy_compliance()
        }
        
        # Generate recommendations
        recommendations = self.generate_optimization_recommendations(metrics)
        
        return {
            'metrics': metrics,
            'recommendations': recommendations,
            'timestamp': time.time()
        }

class SegmentationAnalytics:
    """Analytics engine for network segmentation"""
    
    def __init__(self):
        self.flow_analyzer = FlowAnalyzer()
        self.policy_analyzer = PolicyAnalyzer()
        self.risk_calculator = RiskCalculator()
        
    def analyze_communication_patterns(self, time_window=86400):
        """Analyze communication patterns for segmentation optimization"""
        flows = self.flow_analyzer.get_flows(time_window)
        
        analysis = {
            'communication_matrix': self.build_communication_matrix(flows),
            'frequently_communicating_pairs': self.find_frequent_pairs(flows),
            'isolated_workloads': self.find_isolated_workloads(flows),
            'cross_segment_communications': self.analyze_cross_segment_comms(flows),
            'policy_effectiveness': self.analyze_policy_effectiveness(flows)
        }
        
        return analysis
    
    def recommend_segmentation_improvements(self, analysis):
        """Recommend segmentation improvements based on analysis"""
        recommendations = []
        
        # Recommend new micro-segments
        for pair in analysis['frequently_communicating_pairs']:
            if not self.are_in_same_segment(pair[0], pair[1]):
                recommendations.append({
                    'type': 'create_segment',
                    'workloads': [pair[0], pair[1]],
                    'reason': 'Frequent communication detected',
                    'priority': 'medium'
                })
        
        # Recommend policy refinements
        for violation in analysis['policy_effectiveness']['violations']:
            recommendations.append({
                'type': 'refine_policy',
                'policy': violation['policy'],
                'adjustment': violation['suggested_adjustment'],
                'reason': f"Policy violation rate: {violation['rate']}%",
                'priority': 'high' if violation['rate'] > 10 else 'low'
            })
        
        return recommendations