Longhorn, an open-source container-native storage system developed by Rancher, simplifies persistent volume backups by supporting S3 and NFS storage systems as backup targets. In this guide, we’ll walk through how to configure MinIO as an S3-compatible backup target for Longhorn, enabling reliable volume backups.

This post assumes that Longhorn and MinIO are already installed—for installation guides, refer to the official Longhorn documentation and MinIO Quickstart Guide.

Environment Overview

• MinIO version: RELEASE.2021-08-17T20-53-08Z (deployed with Podman on SUSE SLES 15 SP2)
• Longhorn version: 1.1.1 (installed via Rancher’s Application Catalog on an RKE cluster running Kubernetes 1.20.9-rancher1-1)

Step 1: Configure MinIO for Longhorn Backups

First, we’ll set up MinIO storage by creating a dedicated bucket, folder, user, and policy for Longhorn backups. Use MinIO’s command-line tool, mc, to manage these objects.

Set up the mc Alias

mc alias set myminio https://miniolab.rancher.one miniorootuser miniorootuserpassword

Create a Bucket and Folder

mc mb myminio/rancherbackups
mc mb myminio/rancherbackups/longhorn

Add a User and Policy

Create a new user and define a backup-specific policy to grant access to the bucket.

mc admin user add myminio rancherbackupsuser mypassword

cat > /tmp/rancher-backups-policy.json <<EOF
{
  "Version": "2012-10-17",
  "Statement": [
    {
      "Action": [
        "s3:PutBucketPolicy",
        "s3:GetBucketPolicy",
        "s3:DeleteBucketPolicy",
        "s3:ListAllMyBuckets",
        "s3:ListBucket"
      ],
      "Effect": "Allow",
      "Resource": [
        "arn:aws:s3:::rancherbackups"
      ]
    },
    {
      "Action": [
        "s3:AbortMultipartUpload",
        "s3:DeleteObject",
        "s3:GetObject",
        "s3:ListMultipartUploadParts",
        "s3:PutObject"
      ],
      "Effect": "Allow",
      "Resource": [
        "arn:aws:s3:::rancherbackups/*"
      ]
    }
  ]
}
EOF

mc admin policy add myminio rancher-backups-policy /tmp/rancher-backups-policy.json
mc admin policy set myminio rancher-backups-policy user=rancherbackupsuser

Step 2: Create a Secret for MinIO Credentials

Now, create a Kubernetes secret in the longhorn-system namespace to store your MinIO credentials. We’ll use base64 encoding for the values.

echo -n https://miniolab.rancher.one:443 | base64  # aHR0cHM6Ly9taW5pb2xhYi5yYW5jaGVyLm9uZTo0NDM=
echo -n rancherbackupsuser | base64  # cmFuY2hlcmJhY2t1cHN1c2Vy
echo -n mypassword | base64  # bXlwYXNzd29yZA==

If your MinIO environment uses a custom CA certificate, encode the CA as well and include it in the secret.

apiVersion: v1
kind: Secret
metadata:
  name: minio-secret
  namespace: longhorn-system
type: Opaque
data:
  AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID: cmFuY2hlcmJhY2t1cHN1c2Vy
  AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY: bXlwYXNzd29yZA==
  AWS_ENDPOINTS: aHR0cHM6Ly9taW5pb2xhYi5yYW5jaGVyLm9uZTo0NDM=
  #AWS_CERT: <your base64 encoded custom CA certificate>

Step 3: Configure the Backup Target in Longhorn

The backup target URL follows the format:
s3://<bucket_name>@<region>/<folder>.

In our example, the backup target URL is:
s3://rancherbackups@dummyregion/longhorn.

Open the Longhorn UI and navigate to Settings → Backup Target. Enter the URL and secret name to configure the backup target.

Step 4: Enable Backups in Longhorn

Once the backup target is configured, backups will be available for Longhorn volumes. You can manage these backups directly from the Longhorn UI.

• Create Backup Schedules: Use the Volume menu to define backup schedules.
• Monitor Backup Status: View backup logs and status in the UI.

Troubleshooting Common Issues

If you encounter errors during setup, check the following:

1. Base64 Encoding Issues: Ensure values are correctly encoded with echo -n to avoid trailing newlines.
2. Target URL Errors: Verify the backup target URL is formatted correctly.
3. MinIO Configuration Issues: Use the MinIO web console or mc to troubleshoot access permissions.
4. SSL Issues: If using a reverse proxy (e.g., Nginx) for MinIO, ensure that client_max_body_size is configured to handle large file uploads.

Conclusion

Using MinIO as a backup target for Longhorn provides a reliable, scalable solution for managing volume snapshots and backups. With the steps outlined in this post, you can configure S3-compatible storage for seamless backups, monitor backup health, and troubleshoot common issues.

By following these practices, you’ll have confidence that your persistent volumes are backed up and recoverable in case of any failure.