High-availability network design patterns are essential for enterprise environments that require continuous uptime and resilient infrastructure. This comprehensive guide explores advanced redundancy strategies, failover mechanisms, and production-ready design patterns that ensure network resilience and business continuity.

Enterprise High-Availability Network Design

Section 1: Fundamental HA Design Patterns

High-availability network architectures require sophisticated design patterns that eliminate single points of failure while maintaining optimal performance and cost-effectiveness.

Advanced Redundancy Management Framework

package ha

import (
    "context"
    "sync"
    "time"
    "fmt"
    "net"
    "log"
)

type RedundancyLevel int

const (
    NoRedundancy RedundancyLevel = iota
    ActivePassive
    ActiveActive
    NPlus1
    TwoNPlus1
    FullMesh
)

type FailoverStrategy int

const (
    HotStandby FailoverStrategy = iota
    WarmStandby
    ColdStandby
    LoadBalanced
    GeographicRedundancy
)

type NetworkComponent struct {
    ID              string            `json:"id"`
    Name            string            `json:"name"`
    Type            string            `json:"type"`
    IPAddress       net.IP            `json:"ip_address"`
    Status          ComponentStatus   `json:"status"`
    Role            ComponentRole     `json:"role"`
    Priority        int               `json:"priority"`
    HealthScore     float64           `json:"health_score"`
    LastHealthCheck time.Time         `json:"last_health_check"`
    Capabilities    []string          `json:"capabilities"`
    Dependencies    []string          `json:"dependencies"`
    Metrics         ComponentMetrics  `json:"metrics"`
    RedundancyGroup string            `json:"redundancy_group"`
    FailoverPartner *NetworkComponent `json:"failover_partner,omitempty"`
}

type ComponentStatus int

const (
    StatusUnknown ComponentStatus = iota
    StatusHealthy
    StatusDegraded
    StatusFailed
    StatusMaintenance
    StatusStandby
)

type ComponentRole int

const (
    RolePrimary ComponentRole = iota
    RoleSecondary
    RoleStandby
    RoleBackup
    RoleLoadBalancer
)

type ComponentMetrics struct {
    CPU             float64   `json:"cpu_usage"`
    Memory          float64   `json:"memory_usage"`
    Bandwidth       float64   `json:"bandwidth_usage"`
    Latency         float64   `json:"latency_ms"`
    PacketLoss      float64   `json:"packet_loss_percent"`
    Availability    float64   `json:"availability_percent"`
    Throughput      float64   `json:"throughput_mbps"`
    ErrorRate       float64   `json:"error_rate"`
    ResponseTime    float64   `json:"response_time_ms"`
    LastUpdated     time.Time `json:"last_updated"`
}

type HAManager struct {
    Components        map[string]*NetworkComponent
    RedundancyGroups  map[string]*RedundancyGroup
    FailoverEngine    *FailoverEngine
    HealthMonitor     *HealthMonitor
    TopologyManager   *TopologyManager
    ConfigManager     *ConfigurationManager
    AlertManager      *AlertManager
    mutex             sync.RWMutex
}

type RedundancyGroup struct {
    ID              string                     `json:"id"`
    Name            string                     `json:"name"`
    Level           RedundancyLevel            `json:"level"`
    Strategy        FailoverStrategy           `json:"strategy"`
    Components      []*NetworkComponent        `json:"components"`
    PrimaryComponent *NetworkComponent         `json:"primary_component"`
    ActiveComponents []*NetworkComponent       `json:"active_components"`
    StandbyComponents []*NetworkComponent      `json:"standby_components"`
    HealthThreshold float64                    `json:"health_threshold"`
    FailoverTimeout time.Duration              `json:"failover_timeout"`
    PreemptionEnabled bool                     `json:"preemption_enabled"`
    LoadBalancing   LoadBalancingConfig        `json:"load_balancing"`
    SplitBrainProtection SplitBrainConfig      `json:"split_brain_protection"`
}

type LoadBalancingConfig struct {
    Algorithm       string            `json:"algorithm"`
    HealthCheckPath string            `json:"health_check_path"`
    Weights         map[string]int    `json:"weights"`
    SessionAffinity bool              `json:"session_affinity"`
    TrafficRatio    map[string]float64 `json:"traffic_ratio"`
}

type SplitBrainConfig struct {
    Enabled         bool              `json:"enabled"`
    QuorumNodes     []string          `json:"quorum_nodes"`
    WitnessNode     string            `json:"witness_node"`
    FencingEnabled  bool              `json:"fencing_enabled"`
    IsolationMethod string            `json:"isolation_method"`
}

func NewHAManager() *HAManager {
    return &HAManager{
        Components:       make(map[string]*NetworkComponent),
        RedundancyGroups: make(map[string]*RedundancyGroup),
        FailoverEngine:   NewFailoverEngine(),
        HealthMonitor:    NewHealthMonitor(),
        TopologyManager:  NewTopologyManager(),
        ConfigManager:    NewConfigurationManager(),
        AlertManager:     NewAlertManager(),
    }
}

func (ha *HAManager) RegisterComponent(component *NetworkComponent) error {
    ha.mutex.Lock()
    defer ha.mutex.Unlock()
    
    if _, exists := ha.Components[component.ID]; exists {
        return fmt.Errorf("component %s already registered", component.ID)
    }
    
    // Initialize component
    component.LastHealthCheck = time.Now()
    component.HealthScore = 100.0
    component.Status = StatusUnknown
    
    ha.Components[component.ID] = component
    
    // Start health monitoring
    go ha.HealthMonitor.MonitorComponent(component)
    
    log.Printf("Registered component: %s (%s)", component.Name, component.ID)
    return nil
}

func (ha *HAManager) CreateRedundancyGroup(config RedundancyGroupConfig) (*RedundancyGroup, error) {
    ha.mutex.Lock()
    defer ha.mutex.Unlock()
    
    group := &RedundancyGroup{
        ID:                config.ID,
        Name:              config.Name,
        Level:             config.Level,
        Strategy:          config.Strategy,
        Components:        []*NetworkComponent{},
        HealthThreshold:   config.HealthThreshold,
        FailoverTimeout:   config.FailoverTimeout,
        PreemptionEnabled: config.PreemptionEnabled,
        LoadBalancing:     config.LoadBalancing,
        SplitBrainProtection: config.SplitBrainProtection,
    }
    
    // Add components to group
    for _, componentID := range config.ComponentIDs {
        if component, exists := ha.Components[componentID]; exists {
            component.RedundancyGroup = group.ID
            group.Components = append(group.Components, component)
        } else {
            return nil, fmt.Errorf("component %s not found", componentID)
        }
    }
    
    // Initialize group roles based on redundancy level
    err := ha.initializeGroupRoles(group)
    if err != nil {
        return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to initialize group roles: %v", err)
    }
    
    ha.RedundancyGroups[group.ID] = group
    
    log.Printf("Created redundancy group: %s with %d components", group.Name, len(group.Components))
    return group, nil
}

func (ha *HAManager) initializeGroupRoles(group *RedundancyGroup) error {
    switch group.Level {
    case ActivePassive:
        return ha.setupActivePassive(group)
    case ActiveActive:
        return ha.setupActiveActive(group)
    case NPlus1:
        return ha.setupNPlus1(group)
    case TwoNPlus1:
        return ha.setupTwoNPlus1(group)
    case FullMesh:
        return ha.setupFullMesh(group)
    default:
        return fmt.Errorf("unsupported redundancy level: %v", group.Level)
    }
}

func (ha *HAManager) setupActivePassive(group *RedundancyGroup) error {
    if len(group.Components) < 2 {
        return fmt.Errorf("active-passive requires at least 2 components")
    }
    
    // Sort components by priority (highest first)
    components := ha.sortComponentsByPriority(group.Components)
    
    // Assign primary role to highest priority component
    components[0].Role = RolePrimary
    group.PrimaryComponent = components[0]
    group.ActiveComponents = []*NetworkComponent{components[0]}
    
    // Assign standby roles to remaining components
    for i := 1; i < len(components); i++ {
        components[i].Role = RoleStandby
        components[i].Status = StatusStandby
        group.StandbyComponents = append(group.StandbyComponents, components[i])
    }
    
    return nil
}

func (ha *HAManager) setupActiveActive(group *RedundancyGroup) error {
    if len(group.Components) < 2 {
        return fmt.Errorf("active-active requires at least 2 components")
    }
    
    // All components are active in active-active configuration
    for _, component := range group.Components {
        component.Role = RolePrimary
        group.ActiveComponents = append(group.ActiveComponents, component)
    }
    
    // Configure load balancing
    ha.configureLoadBalancing(group)
    
    return nil
}

func (ha *HAManager) MonitorRedundancyGroups(ctx context.Context) {
    ticker := time.NewTicker(5 * time.Second)
    defer ticker.Stop()
    
    for {
        select {
        case <-ctx.Done():
            return
        case <-ticker.C:
            ha.checkRedundancyGroupHealth()
        }
    }
}

func (ha *HAManager) checkRedundancyGroupHealth() {
    ha.mutex.RLock()
    defer ha.mutex.RUnlock()
    
    for _, group := range ha.RedundancyGroups {
        groupHealth := ha.calculateGroupHealth(group)
        
        if groupHealth < group.HealthThreshold {
            ha.triggerFailoverIfNeeded(group)
        }
        
        // Check for split-brain scenarios
        if group.SplitBrainProtection.Enabled {
            ha.checkSplitBrain(group)
        }
    }
}

func (ha *HAManager) calculateGroupHealth(group *RedundancyGroup) float64 {
    if len(group.Components) == 0 {
        return 0.0
    }
    
    var totalHealth float64
    var activeComponents int
    
    for _, component := range group.Components {
        if component.Status == StatusHealthy || component.Status == StatusDegraded {
            totalHealth += component.HealthScore
            activeComponents++
        }
    }
    
    if activeComponents == 0 {
        return 0.0
    }
    
    return totalHealth / float64(activeComponents)
}

func (ha *HAManager) triggerFailoverIfNeeded(group *RedundancyGroup) {
    switch group.Level {
    case ActivePassive:
        ha.handleActivePassiveFailover(group)
    case ActiveActive:
        ha.handleActiveActiveFailover(group)
    case NPlus1:
        ha.handleNPlus1Failover(group)
    }
}

func (ha *HAManager) handleActivePassiveFailover(group *RedundancyGroup) {
    primary := group.PrimaryComponent
    
    if primary.Status == StatusFailed || primary.HealthScore < group.HealthThreshold {
        // Find best standby component
        bestStandby := ha.findBestStandbyComponent(group.StandbyComponents)
        
        if bestStandby != nil {
            ha.performFailover(primary, bestStandby, group)
        }
    }
}

func (ha *HAManager) performFailover(from, to *NetworkComponent, group *RedundancyGroup) {
    log.Printf("Performing failover from %s to %s in group %s", from.Name, to.Name, group.Name)
    
    // Update roles
    from.Role = RoleStandby
    from.Status = StatusStandby
    to.Role = RolePrimary
    to.Status = StatusHealthy
    
    // Update group configuration
    group.PrimaryComponent = to
    
    // Remove from standby list and add to active list
    group.StandbyComponents = ha.removeComponentFromSlice(group.StandbyComponents, to)
    group.ActiveComponents = []*NetworkComponent{to}
    group.StandbyComponents = append(group.StandbyComponents, from)
    
    // Execute failover configuration
    err := ha.FailoverEngine.ExecuteFailover(FailoverContext{
        SourceComponent: from,
        TargetComponent: to,
        Group:          group,
        Timestamp:      time.Now(),
    })
    
    if err != nil {
        log.Printf("Failover execution failed: %v", err)
        ha.AlertManager.SendAlert(Alert{
            Severity:    "Critical",
            Source:      "HA Manager",
            Message:     fmt.Sprintf("Failover failed: %v", err),
            Timestamp:   time.Now(),
        })
    } else {
        ha.AlertManager.SendAlert(Alert{
            Severity:    "Warning",
            Source:      "HA Manager",
            Message:     fmt.Sprintf("Failover completed from %s to %s", from.Name, to.Name),
            Timestamp:   time.Now(),
        })
    }
}

type FailoverEngine struct {
    ConfigurationTemplates map[string]FailoverTemplate
    ExecutionHistory      []FailoverExecution
    mutex                 sync.RWMutex
}

type FailoverTemplate struct {
    Name              string                 `json:"name"`
    ComponentType     string                 `json:"component_type"`
    PreFailoverSteps  []FailoverStep         `json:"pre_failover_steps"`
    FailoverSteps     []FailoverStep         `json:"failover_steps"`
    PostFailoverSteps []FailoverStep         `json:"post_failover_steps"`
    RollbackSteps     []FailoverStep         `json:"rollback_steps"`
    Timeout           time.Duration          `json:"timeout"`
    ValidationSteps   []ValidationStep       `json:"validation_steps"`
}

type FailoverStep struct {
    Name        string        `json:"name"`
    Type        string        `json:"type"`
    Target      string        `json:"target"`
    Command     string        `json:"command"`
    Parameters  interface{}   `json:"parameters"`
    Timeout     time.Duration `json:"timeout"`
    RetryCount  int           `json:"retry_count"`
    OnFailure   string        `json:"on_failure"` // continue, abort, rollback
}

type ValidationStep struct {
    Name        string        `json:"name"`
    Type        string        `json:"type"`
    Check       string        `json:"check"`
    Expected    interface{}   `json:"expected"`
    Timeout     time.Duration `json:"timeout"`
    Critical    bool          `json:"critical"`
}

type FailoverContext struct {
    SourceComponent *NetworkComponent
    TargetComponent *NetworkComponent
    Group          *RedundancyGroup
    Timestamp      time.Time
    RequestID      string
}

type FailoverExecution struct {
    ID              string        `json:"id"`
    Context         FailoverContext `json:"context"`
    Template        FailoverTemplate `json:"template"`
    StartTime       time.Time     `json:"start_time"`
    EndTime         time.Time     `json:"end_time"`
    Status          string        `json:"status"`
    StepsExecuted   []StepResult  `json:"steps_executed"`
    ErrorMessage    string        `json:"error_message,omitempty"`
}

type StepResult struct {
    Step        FailoverStep  `json:"step"`
    StartTime   time.Time     `json:"start_time"`
    EndTime     time.Time     `json:"end_time"`
    Status      string        `json:"status"`
    Output      string        `json:"output"`
    Error       string        `json:"error,omitempty"`
}

func NewFailoverEngine() *FailoverEngine {
    return &FailoverEngine{
        ConfigurationTemplates: make(map[string]FailoverTemplate),
        ExecutionHistory:      []FailoverExecution{},
    }
}

func (fe *FailoverEngine) ExecuteFailover(context FailoverContext) error {
    fe.mutex.Lock()
    defer fe.mutex.Unlock()
    
    // Find appropriate template
    template, err := fe.findFailoverTemplate(context.SourceComponent.Type)
    if err != nil {
        return fmt.Errorf("failover template not found: %v", err)
    }
    
    execution := FailoverExecution{
        ID:        generateExecutionID(),
        Context:   context,
        Template:  template,
        StartTime: time.Now(),
        Status:    "running",
    }
    
    // Execute pre-failover steps
    for _, step := range template.PreFailoverSteps {
        result := fe.executeStep(step, context)
        execution.StepsExecuted = append(execution.StepsExecuted, result)
        
        if result.Status == "failed" && step.OnFailure == "abort" {
            execution.Status = "failed"
            execution.ErrorMessage = result.Error
            execution.EndTime = time.Now()
            fe.ExecutionHistory = append(fe.ExecutionHistory, execution)
            return fmt.Errorf("pre-failover step failed: %s", result.Error)
        }
    }
    
    // Execute main failover steps
    for _, step := range template.FailoverSteps {
        result := fe.executeStep(step, context)
        execution.StepsExecuted = append(execution.StepsExecuted, result)
        
        if result.Status == "failed" {
            if step.OnFailure == "rollback" {
                fe.executeRollback(template.RollbackSteps, context)
            }
            execution.Status = "failed"
            execution.ErrorMessage = result.Error
            execution.EndTime = time.Now()
            fe.ExecutionHistory = append(fe.ExecutionHistory, execution)
            return fmt.Errorf("failover step failed: %s", result.Error)
        }
    }
    
    // Execute post-failover steps
    for _, step := range template.PostFailoverSteps {
        result := fe.executeStep(step, context)
        execution.StepsExecuted = append(execution.StepsExecuted, result)
    }
    
    // Validate failover success
    validationResults := fe.validateFailover(template.ValidationSteps, context)
    for _, validationResult := range validationResults {
        if !validationResult.Success && validationResult.Critical {
            execution.Status = "failed"
            execution.ErrorMessage = validationResult.Error
            execution.EndTime = time.Now()
            fe.ExecutionHistory = append(fe.ExecutionHistory, execution)
            return fmt.Errorf("failover validation failed: %s", validationResult.Error)
        }
    }
    
    execution.Status = "completed"
    execution.EndTime = time.Now()
    fe.ExecutionHistory = append(fe.ExecutionHistory, execution)
    
    return nil
}

func (fe *FailoverEngine) executeStep(step FailoverStep, context FailoverContext) StepResult {
    result := StepResult{
        Step:      step,
        StartTime: time.Now(),
        Status:    "running",
    }
    
    switch step.Type {
    case "configuration_update":
        result = fe.executeConfigurationUpdate(step, context)
    case "service_control":
        result = fe.executeServiceControl(step, context)
    case "network_command":
        result = fe.executeNetworkCommand(step, context)
    case "health_check":
        result = fe.executeHealthCheck(step, context)
    case "traffic_redirect":
        result = fe.executeTrafficRedirect(step, context)
    default:
        result.Status = "failed"
        result.Error = fmt.Sprintf("unknown step type: %s", step.Type)
    }
    
    result.EndTime = time.Now()
    return result
}

func (fe *FailoverEngine) executeConfigurationUpdate(step FailoverStep, context FailoverContext) StepResult {
    result := StepResult{
        Step:      step,
        StartTime: time.Now(),
        Status:    "running",
    }
    
    // Implementation for configuration updates
    // This would integrate with network device APIs
    
    result.Status = "completed"
    result.Output = "Configuration updated successfully"
    
    return result
}

func (fe *FailoverEngine) executeTrafficRedirect(step FailoverStep, context FailoverContext) StepResult {
    result := StepResult{
        Step:      step,
        StartTime: time.Now(),
        Status:    "running",
    }
    
    // Implementation for traffic redirection
    // This would update routing tables, load balancer configuration, etc.
    
    result.Status = "completed"
    result.Output = "Traffic redirected successfully"
    
    return result
}

Section 2: Advanced Failover Mechanisms

Enterprise networks require sophisticated failover mechanisms that can handle various failure scenarios while minimizing service disruption.

Intelligent Failover Orchestration

import asyncio
from typing import Dict, List, Any, Optional, Set
from dataclasses import dataclass, field
from enum import Enum
import time
import logging
from datetime import datetime, timedelta

class FailureType(Enum):
    COMPONENT_FAILURE = "component_failure"
    LINK_FAILURE = "link_failure"
    POWER_FAILURE = "power_failure"
    SOFTWARE_FAILURE = "software_failure"
    NETWORK_PARTITION = "network_partition"
    PERFORMANCE_DEGRADATION = "performance_degradation"
    SECURITY_BREACH = "security_breach"

class FailoverTrigger(Enum):
    HEALTH_CHECK_FAILURE = "health_check_failure"
    PERFORMANCE_THRESHOLD = "performance_threshold"
    MANUAL_TRIGGER = "manual_trigger"
    SCHEDULED_MAINTENANCE = "scheduled_maintenance"
    CASCADE_FAILURE = "cascade_failure"

@dataclass
class FailureEvent:
    event_id: str
    timestamp: datetime
    failure_type: FailureType
    affected_components: List[str]
    severity: str
    description: str
    root_cause: Optional[str] = None
    impact_assessment: Dict[str, Any] = field(default_factory=dict)
    detection_method: str = "automated"
    correlation_id: Optional[str] = None

@dataclass
class FailoverPlan:
    plan_id: str
    trigger: FailoverTrigger
    source_components: List[str]
    target_components: List[str]
    estimated_downtime: float
    risk_level: str
    approval_required: bool
    rollback_plan: 'FailoverPlan'
    dependencies: List[str] = field(default_factory=list)
    validation_checks: List[str] = field(default_factory=list)
    communication_plan: Dict[str, Any] = field(default_factory=dict)

class IntelligentFailoverOrchestrator:
    def __init__(self):
        self.failure_detector = FailureDetector()
        self.impact_analyzer = ImpactAnalyzer()
        self.plan_generator = FailoverPlanGenerator()
        self.execution_engine = FailoverExecutionEngine()
        self.rollback_manager = RollbackManager()
        self.communication_manager = CommunicationManager()
        self.audit_logger = AuditLogger()
        
        self.active_failovers = {}
        self.failover_history = []
        self.performance_metrics = PerformanceMetrics()
        
    async def orchestrate_failover(self, failure_event: FailureEvent) -> Dict[str, Any]:
        """Orchestrate intelligent failover response"""
        orchestration_result = {
            'event_id': failure_event.event_id,
            'start_time': time.time(),
            'phases': [],
            'overall_result': 'pending'
        }
        
        try:
            # Phase 1: Impact Assessment
            impact_phase = await self._assess_impact(failure_event)
            orchestration_result['phases'].append(impact_phase)
            
            # Phase 2: Plan Generation
            planning_phase = await self._generate_failover_plan(failure_event, impact_phase)
            orchestration_result['phases'].append(planning_phase)
            
            # Phase 3: Approval Process (if required)
            if planning_phase['plan'].approval_required:
                approval_phase = await self._handle_approval_process(planning_phase['plan'])
                orchestration_result['phases'].append(approval_phase)
                
                if not approval_phase['approved']:
                    orchestration_result['overall_result'] = 'cancelled'
                    return orchestration_result
            
            # Phase 4: Pre-Execution Validation
            validation_phase = await self._validate_pre_execution(planning_phase['plan'])
            orchestration_result['phases'].append(validation_phase)
            
            if not validation_phase['valid']:
                orchestration_result['overall_result'] = 'validation_failed'
                return orchestration_result
            
            # Phase 5: Failover Execution
            execution_phase = await self._execute_failover(planning_phase['plan'])
            orchestration_result['phases'].append(execution_phase)
            
            # Phase 6: Post-Execution Validation
            post_validation_phase = await self._validate_post_execution(planning_phase['plan'])
            orchestration_result['phases'].append(post_validation_phase)
            
            if post_validation_phase['valid']:
                orchestration_result['overall_result'] = 'completed'
            else:
                # Trigger rollback
                rollback_phase = await self._execute_rollback(planning_phase['plan'])
                orchestration_result['phases'].append(rollback_phase)
                orchestration_result['overall_result'] = 'rolled_back'
            
        except Exception as e:
            orchestration_result['overall_result'] = 'failed'
            orchestration_result['error'] = str(e)
            
            # Emergency rollback
            try:
                await self._emergency_rollback(orchestration_result)
            except Exception as rollback_error:
                orchestration_result['rollback_error'] = str(rollback_error)
        
        orchestration_result['end_time'] = time.time()
        orchestration_result['duration'] = orchestration_result['end_time'] - orchestration_result['start_time']
        
        # Log to audit trail
        self.audit_logger.log_failover_orchestration(orchestration_result)
        
        return orchestration_result
    
    async def _assess_impact(self, failure_event: FailureEvent) -> Dict[str, Any]:
        """Assess the impact of the failure event"""
        impact_assessment = {
            'phase': 'impact_assessment',
            'start_time': time.time(),
            'affected_services': [],
            'business_impact': {},
            'technical_impact': {},
            'cascading_risks': []
        }
        
        # Analyze affected services
        for component_id in failure_event.affected_components:
            services = await self.impact_analyzer.get_dependent_services(component_id)
            impact_assessment['affected_services'].extend(services)
        
        # Assess business impact
        impact_assessment['business_impact'] = await self.impact_analyzer.assess_business_impact(
            failure_event, impact_assessment['affected_services']
        )
        
        # Assess technical impact
        impact_assessment['technical_impact'] = await self.impact_analyzer.assess_technical_impact(
            failure_event
        )
        
        # Identify cascading failure risks
        impact_assessment['cascading_risks'] = await self.impact_analyzer.identify_cascading_risks(
            failure_event
        )
        
        impact_assessment['end_time'] = time.time()
        impact_assessment['duration'] = impact_assessment['end_time'] - impact_assessment['start_time']
        
        return impact_assessment
    
    async def _generate_failover_plan(self, failure_event: FailureEvent, 
                                    impact_assessment: Dict[str, Any]) -> Dict[str, Any]:
        """Generate optimal failover plan"""
        planning_phase = {
            'phase': 'plan_generation',
            'start_time': time.time(),
            'plan_options': [],
            'selected_plan': None,
            'selection_criteria': {}
        }
        
        # Generate multiple plan options
        plan_options = await self.plan_generator.generate_plan_options(
            failure_event, impact_assessment
        )
        planning_phase['plan_options'] = plan_options
        
        # Select optimal plan
        selected_plan = await self.plan_generator.select_optimal_plan(
            plan_options, impact_assessment
        )
        planning_phase['selected_plan'] = selected_plan
        planning_phase['plan'] = selected_plan
        
        # Document selection criteria
        planning_phase['selection_criteria'] = {
            'primary_criteria': 'minimize_downtime',
            'secondary_criteria': 'minimize_risk',
            'business_priority': impact_assessment['business_impact'].get('priority', 'medium'),
            'available_resources': await self._get_available_resources()
        }
        
        planning_phase['end_time'] = time.time()
        planning_phase['duration'] = planning_phase['end_time'] - planning_phase['start_time']
        
        return planning_phase

class FailureDetector:
    """Advanced failure detection with machine learning"""
    
    def __init__(self):
        self.detection_rules = FailureDetectionRules()
        self.anomaly_detector = AnomalyDetector()
        self.correlation_engine = FailureCorrelationEngine()
        self.symptom_analyzer = SymptomAnalyzer()
        
    async def detect_failures(self, monitoring_data: Dict[str, Any]) -> List[FailureEvent]:
        """Detect failures using multiple detection methods"""
        detected_failures = []
        
        # Rule-based detection
        rule_based_failures = await self._rule_based_detection(monitoring_data)
        detected_failures.extend(rule_based_failures)
        
        # Anomaly-based detection
        anomaly_based_failures = await self._anomaly_based_detection(monitoring_data)
        detected_failures.extend(anomaly_based_failures)
        
        # Correlation-based detection
        correlation_based_failures = await self._correlation_based_detection(monitoring_data)
        detected_failures.extend(correlation_based_failures)
        
        # Symptom-based detection
        symptom_based_failures = await self._symptom_based_detection(monitoring_data)
        detected_failures.extend(symptom_based_failures)
        
        # Deduplicate and correlate failures
        correlated_failures = self.correlation_engine.correlate_failures(detected_failures)
        
        return correlated_failures
    
    async def _rule_based_detection(self, monitoring_data: Dict[str, Any]) -> List[FailureEvent]:
        """Detect failures using predefined rules"""
        failures = []
        
        for rule in self.detection_rules.get_all_rules():
            if self._evaluate_rule(rule, monitoring_data):
                failure = FailureEvent(
                    event_id=self._generate_event_id(),
                    timestamp=datetime.now(),
                    failure_type=FailureType(rule.failure_type),
                    affected_components=rule.affected_components,
                    severity=rule.severity,
                    description=rule.description,
                    detection_method='rule_based'
                )
                failures.append(failure)
        
        return failures
    
    async def _anomaly_based_detection(self, monitoring_data: Dict[str, Any]) -> List[FailureEvent]:
        """Detect failures using anomaly detection"""
        failures = []
        
        for component_id, metrics in monitoring_data.items():
            anomalies = await self.anomaly_detector.detect_anomalies(component_id, metrics)
            
            for anomaly in anomalies:
                if anomaly.severity >= 0.8:  # High severity threshold
                    failure = FailureEvent(
                        event_id=self._generate_event_id(),
                        timestamp=datetime.now(),
                        failure_type=self._infer_failure_type(anomaly),
                        affected_components=[component_id],
                        severity='high' if anomaly.severity >= 0.9 else 'medium',
                        description=f"Anomaly detected: {anomaly.description}",
                        detection_method='anomaly_based'
                    )
                    failures.append(failure)
        
        return failures

class FailoverPlanGenerator:
    """Generate optimal failover plans"""
    
    def __init__(self):
        self.topology_analyzer = TopologyAnalyzer()
        self.resource_manager = ResourceManager()
        self.constraint_solver = ConstraintSolver()
        self.cost_calculator = CostCalculator()
        
    async def generate_plan_options(self, failure_event: FailureEvent,
                                  impact_assessment: Dict[str, Any]) -> List[FailoverPlan]:
        """Generate multiple failover plan options"""
        plan_options = []
        
        # Get available resources
        available_resources = await self.resource_manager.get_available_resources()
        
        # Generate plans for each affected component
        for component_id in failure_event.affected_components:
            # Option 1: Hot standby failover
            hot_standby_plan = await self._generate_hot_standby_plan(
                component_id, available_resources
            )
            if hot_standby_plan:
                plan_options.append(hot_standby_plan)
            
            # Option 2: Warm standby failover
            warm_standby_plan = await self._generate_warm_standby_plan(
                component_id, available_resources
            )
            if warm_standby_plan:
                plan_options.append(warm_standby_plan)
            
            # Option 3: Cold standby failover
            cold_standby_plan = await self._generate_cold_standby_plan(
                component_id, available_resources
            )
            if cold_standby_plan:
                plan_options.append(cold_standby_plan)
            
            # Option 4: Load redistribution
            load_redistribution_plan = await self._generate_load_redistribution_plan(
                component_id, available_resources
            )
            if load_redistribution_plan:
                plan_options.append(load_redistribution_plan)
        
        # Validate and score each plan
        validated_plans = []
        for plan in plan_options:
            validation_result = await self._validate_plan(plan)
            if validation_result.valid:
                plan.score = await self._score_plan(plan, impact_assessment)
                validated_plans.append(plan)
        
        return validated_plans
    
    async def _generate_hot_standby_plan(self, component_id: str,
                                       available_resources: Dict[str, Any]) -> Optional[FailoverPlan]:
        """Generate hot standby failover plan"""
        # Find hot standby resources
        hot_standby_resources = available_resources.get('hot_standby', {})
        
        if component_id in hot_standby_resources:
            standby_component = hot_standby_resources[component_id]
            
            plan = FailoverPlan(
                plan_id=self._generate_plan_id(),
                trigger=FailoverTrigger.HEALTH_CHECK_FAILURE,
                source_components=[component_id],
                target_components=[standby_component.id],
                estimated_downtime=0.1,  # 100ms for hot standby
                risk_level='low',
                approval_required=False,
                rollback_plan=self._generate_rollback_plan(standby_component.id, component_id)
            )
            
            return plan
        
        return None
    
    async def select_optimal_plan(self, plan_options: List[FailoverPlan],
                                impact_assessment: Dict[str, Any]) -> FailoverPlan:
        """Select the optimal failover plan"""
        if not plan_options:
            raise ValueError("No valid failover plans available")
        
        # Score plans based on multiple criteria
        scored_plans = []
        for plan in plan_options:
            score = await self._calculate_comprehensive_score(plan, impact_assessment)
            scored_plans.append((plan, score))
        
        # Sort by score (highest first)
        scored_plans.sort(key=lambda x: x[1], reverse=True)
        
        return scored_plans[0][0]
    
    async def _calculate_comprehensive_score(self, plan: FailoverPlan,
                                          impact_assessment: Dict[str, Any]) -> float:
        """Calculate comprehensive score for failover plan"""
        scores = {}
        
        # Downtime score (higher is better)
        max_acceptable_downtime = impact_assessment.get('max_acceptable_downtime', 300)
        scores['downtime'] = max(0, 1 - (plan.estimated_downtime / max_acceptable_downtime))
        
        # Risk score (lower risk is better)
        risk_weights = {'low': 1.0, 'medium': 0.7, 'high': 0.4, 'critical': 0.1}
        scores['risk'] = risk_weights.get(plan.risk_level, 0.5)
        
        # Resource availability score
        scores['resources'] = await self._calculate_resource_score(plan)
        
        # Business impact score
        scores['business'] = await self._calculate_business_score(plan, impact_assessment)
        
        # Calculate weighted average
        weights = {
            'downtime': 0.35,
            'risk': 0.25,
            'resources': 0.20,
            'business': 0.20
        }
        
        total_score = sum(scores[key] * weights[key] for key in scores)
        
        return total_score

class FailoverExecutionEngine:
    """Execute failover plans with coordination and monitoring"""
    
    def __init__(self):
        self.step_executor = StepExecutor()
        self.coordination_manager = CoordinationManager()
        self.progress_monitor = ProgressMonitor()
        self.state_manager = StateManager()
        
    async def execute_failover_plan(self, plan: FailoverPlan) -> Dict[str, Any]:
        """Execute failover plan with full coordination"""
        execution_result = {
            'plan_id': plan.plan_id,
            'start_time': time.time(),
            'steps_executed': [],
            'coordination_events': [],
            'state_changes': [],
            'success': False
        }
        
        try:
            # Initialize execution state
            await self.state_manager.initialize_execution_state(plan)
            
            # Execute pre-failover coordination
            coordination_result = await self.coordination_manager.coordinate_pre_failover(plan)
            execution_result['coordination_events'].append(coordination_result)
            
            # Execute failover steps
            for step in plan.execution_steps:
                step_result = await self.step_executor.execute_step(step, plan)
                execution_result['steps_executed'].append(step_result)
                
                # Track state changes
                state_change = await self.state_manager.track_state_change(step, step_result)
                execution_result['state_changes'].append(state_change)
                
                # Monitor progress
                progress = await self.progress_monitor.update_progress(step, step_result)
                
                if not step_result.success and step.critical:
                    raise Exception(f"Critical step failed: {step.name}")
            
            # Execute post-failover coordination
            post_coordination = await self.coordination_manager.coordinate_post_failover(plan)
            execution_result['coordination_events'].append(post_coordination)
            
            execution_result['success'] = True
            
        except Exception as e:
            execution_result['error'] = str(e)
            execution_result['success'] = False
            
            # Attempt recovery
            recovery_result = await self._attempt_recovery(plan, execution_result)
            execution_result['recovery_attempt'] = recovery_result
        
        execution_result['end_time'] = time.time()
        execution_result['duration'] = execution_result['end_time'] - execution_result['start_time']
        
        return execution_result

class GeographicRedundancyManager:
    """Manage geographic redundancy and disaster recovery"""
    
    def __init__(self):
        self.site_manager = SiteManager()
        self.replication_manager = ReplicationManager()
        self.disaster_recovery = DisasterRecoveryOrchestrator()
        self.bandwidth_manager = BandwidthManager()
        
    async def implement_geographic_redundancy(self, geo_config: Dict[str, Any]) -> Dict[str, Any]:
        """Implement geographic redundancy strategy"""
        implementation_result = {
            'config_id': geo_config.get('id', 'default'),
            'primary_site': geo_config['primary_site'],
            'secondary_sites': geo_config['secondary_sites'],
            'replication_setup': {},
            'failover_procedures': {},
            'success': False
        }
        
        try:
            # Setup inter-site connectivity
            connectivity_result = await self._setup_inter_site_connectivity(geo_config)
            implementation_result['connectivity'] = connectivity_result
            
            # Configure data replication
            replication_result = await self._configure_data_replication(geo_config)
            implementation_result['replication_setup'] = replication_result
            
            # Setup failover procedures
            failover_procedures = await self._setup_geographic_failover(geo_config)
            implementation_result['failover_procedures'] = failover_procedures
            
            # Configure monitoring and alerting
            monitoring_result = await self._setup_geographic_monitoring(geo_config)
            implementation_result['monitoring'] = monitoring_result
            
            implementation_result['success'] = all([
                connectivity_result['success'],
                replication_result['success'],
                failover_procedures['success'],
                monitoring_result['success']
            ])
            
        except Exception as e:
            implementation_result['error'] = str(e)
        
        return implementation_result
    
    async def _setup_inter_site_connectivity(self, geo_config: Dict[str, Any]) -> Dict[str, Any]:
        """Setup connectivity between geographic sites"""
        connectivity_result = {
            'wan_links': [],
            'vpn_tunnels': [],
            'bandwidth_allocation': {},
            'success': False
        }
        
        primary_site = geo_config['primary_site']
        
        for secondary_site in geo_config['secondary_sites']:
            # Setup WAN link
            wan_link = await self._establish_wan_link(primary_site, secondary_site)
            connectivity_result['wan_links'].append(wan_link)
            
            # Setup VPN tunnel for backup
            vpn_tunnel = await self._establish_vpn_tunnel(primary_site, secondary_site)
            connectivity_result['vpn_tunnels'].append(vpn_tunnel)
            
            # Allocate bandwidth
            bandwidth_allocation = await self.bandwidth_manager.allocate_inter_site_bandwidth(
                primary_site, secondary_site, geo_config.get('bandwidth_requirements', {})
            )
            connectivity_result['bandwidth_allocation'][f"{primary_site}-{secondary_site}"] = bandwidth_allocation
        
        connectivity_result['success'] = all([
            all(link['success'] for link in connectivity_result['wan_links']),
            all(tunnel['success'] for tunnel in connectivity_result['vpn_tunnels'])
        ])
        
        return connectivity_result

class ResilienceAnalyzer:
    """Analyze network resilience and identify improvement opportunities"""
    
    def __init__(self):
        self.failure_simulator = FailureSimulator()
        self.topology_analyzer = TopologyAnalyzer()
        self.redundancy_calculator = RedundancyCalculator()
        self.risk_assessor = RiskAssessor()
        
    async def analyze_network_resilience(self, network_topology: Dict[str, Any]) -> Dict[str, Any]:
        """Comprehensive resilience analysis"""
        analysis_result = {
            'overall_resilience_score': 0,
            'single_points_of_failure': [],
            'redundancy_analysis': {},
            'failure_simulation_results': {},
            'improvement_recommendations': [],
            'risk_assessment': {}
        }
        
        # Identify single points of failure
        analysis_result['single_points_of_failure'] = await self._identify_spofs(network_topology)
        
        # Analyze redundancy levels
        analysis_result['redundancy_analysis'] = await self._analyze_redundancy(network_topology)
        
        # Simulate failure scenarios
        analysis_result['failure_simulation_results'] = await self._simulate_failure_scenarios(network_topology)
        
        # Assess risks
        analysis_result['risk_assessment'] = await self.risk_assessor.assess_risks(network_topology)
        
        # Calculate overall resilience score
        analysis_result['overall_resilience_score'] = await self._calculate_resilience_score(analysis_result)
        
        # Generate improvement recommendations
        analysis_result['improvement_recommendations'] = await self._generate_improvement_recommendations(analysis_result)
        
        return analysis_result
    
    async def _simulate_failure_scenarios(self, network_topology: Dict[str, Any]) -> Dict[str, Any]:
        """Simulate various failure scenarios"""
        simulation_results = {}
        
        # Simulate single component failures
        for component in network_topology.get('components', []):
            simulation_result = await self.failure_simulator.simulate_component_failure(
                component['id'], network_topology
            )
            simulation_results[f"component_{component['id']}"] = simulation_result
        
        # Simulate link failures
        for link in network_topology.get('links', []):
            simulation_result = await self.failure_simulator.simulate_link_failure(
                link['id'], network_topology
            )
            simulation_results[f"link_{link['id']}"] = simulation_result
        
        # Simulate cascade failures
        cascade_scenarios = await self._generate_cascade_scenarios(network_topology)
        for scenario in cascade_scenarios:
            simulation_result = await self.failure_simulator.simulate_cascade_failure(
                scenario, network_topology
            )
            simulation_results[f"cascade_{scenario['id']}"] = simulation_result
        
        # Simulate geographic failures
        site_failures = await self._generate_site_failure_scenarios(network_topology)
        for site_failure in site_failures:
            simulation_result = await self.failure_simulator.simulate_site_failure(
                site_failure, network_topology
            )
            simulation_results[f"site_{site_failure['site_id']}"] = simulation_result
        
        return simulation_results

This comprehensive guide demonstrates enterprise-grade high-availability network design with advanced redundancy strategies, intelligent failover orchestration, geographic redundancy management, and sophisticated resilience analysis capabilities. The examples provide production-ready patterns for implementing robust, fault-tolerant network architectures that ensure business continuity in enterprise environments.